and none

quis-quam (old form QVIQVAM, S. C. Bacch.), quaequam, quicquam or quidquam ( abl. masc. quoquam, very rare, Liv. 3, 57, 6 Weissenb. ad loc., and 34, 35, 9; Suet. Caes. 59), pron. indef., any, any one, any body, any thing, something (cf.: aliquis, ullus, quispiam).

In gen.

Adj.:

an invenire postulas quemquam cocum, nisi, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 62: nemo est indignior, quem quisquam homo aut amet [p. 1517] aut adeat, id. Bacch. 4, 3, 5:

si cuiquam generi hominum, si cuiquam ordini aratorum probatus sit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

ubi cuiquam legationi fui impedimento,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 6. —

Subst., any man, any person, any thing; also emphatic, any person whoever, any person or thing (even the least, etc.):

sed mandare quemquam litteris cogitationes suas, qui eas nec disponere nec inlustrare possit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 6:

si quisquam est timidus, is ego sum,

id. Fam. 6, 14, 1; id. Att. 14, 1, 2; Ter. Eun. prol. 1:

ne quemquam interficiant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 40; Sall. J. 45, 2; Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 2:

aut enim nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit,

Cic. Lael. 2, 9:

si quidquam humanorum certi est,

Liv. 5, 33:

an quisquam usquam gentium est aeque miser?

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 13:

estne quisquam omnium mortalium, de quo melius existimes tu?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:

si animadversum esset, quemquam ad hostes transfugere conari,

Nep. Ages. 6, 2:

quicquam tu illa putas fuisse decreta?

Cic. Att. 9, 5, 3:

percontans quisquamne in palatio esset,

Aur. Vict. Ep. 11. —

In partic.

Nec (neque) quisquam, and no one, and none, = nemo, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 29:

nec quisquam ex agmine tanto Audet adire virum,

Verg. A. 5, 378:

nostrum quisquam,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 47:

neque ex castris Catilinae quisquam omnium discesserat,

Sall. C. 36, 5:

neque cuiquam nostrum licuit lege uti,

id. ib. 33, 1.—

With unus, a single one:

quia nondum in quemquam unum saeviebatur,

Liv. 3, 55, 15. — Hence also, nec quisquam unus, and not a single one:

nec quisquam alterius gentis unus tantum eā arte excellit,

Liv. 28, 37; 2, 9, 8.—

Quicquam with nihil, pleonastically, nothing whatever, nothing at all:

comperiebam, nihil ad Pamphilum Quicquam attinere,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 63.—

With numquam:

quae nocet numquam cuiquam,

no man at any time, Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

numquam quidquam,

id. Tusc. 2, 12, 29. —

Quisquam as a fem., like quis (ante-class.):

nec quisquam alia mulier,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 68:

anum quemquam,

id. Rud. 2, 3, 75:

illarum neque te quisquam novit, neque, etc.,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 83.

Cŏrythus, i, m., = Koruthos.

An ancient town in Etruria, so named from its mythical founder, later called Cortona, Verg. A. 7, 209; 10, 719.— Poet., in gen., for Etruria, Verg. A. 9, 10; and for Italia, id. ib. 3, 170 Forbig. ad loc.—

A companion of Perseus, Ov. M. 5, 125.—

Son of Paris and Œnone, Ov. M. 7, 361.—

One of the Lapithæ, Ov. M. 12, 290.

fŭgĭo, fūgi, fŭgĭtum ( gen. plur. part. sync. fugientum, Hor. C. 3, 18, 1; part. fut. fugiturus, Ov. H. 2, 47 al.), 3, v. n. and a. [root FUG; Gr. PHUG, pheugô; Sanscr. bhuj; syn.: flecto, curvo; v. fuga], to flee or fly, to take flight, run away.

Lit.:

propera igitur fugere hinc, si te di amant,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 78; cf.:

a foro,

id. Pers. 3, 3, 31:

senex exit foras: ego fugio,

I am off, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 47:

cervam videre fugere, sectari canes,

id. Phorm. prol. 7:

qui fugisse cum magna pecunia dicitur ac se contulisse Tarquinios,

Cic. Rep. 2, 19:

Aeneas fugiens a Troja,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 72:

omnes hostes terga verterunt, nec prius fugere destiterunt, quam ad flumen Rhenum pervenerint,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 1:

oppido fugit,

id. B. C. 3, 29, 1:

ex ipsa caede,

to flee, escape, id. B. G. 7, 38, 3; cf.:

ex proelio Mutinensi,

Cic. Fam. 10, 14, 1:

e conspectu,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 107: Uticam, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 13: fenum habet in cornu;

longe fuge,

id. S. 1, 4, 34: nec furtum feci nec fugi, run away (of slaves), id. Ep. 1, 16, 46; cf.:

formidare servos, Ne te compilent fugientes,

id. S. 1, 1, 78; Sen. Tranq. 8.—

Prov.: ita fugias ne praeter casam,

i. e. in fleeing from one danger beware of falling into another, Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 3 Ruhnk. —

In partic., like the Gr. pheugein, to become a fugitive, leave one's country, go into exile:

fugiendum de civitate, cedendum bonis aut omnia perferenda,

Quint. 6, 1, 19; so,

ex patria,

Nep. Att. 4, 4:

a patria,

Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 66:

in exilium,

Juv. 10, 160; cf. under II. A. b.—

Transf., in gen., to pass quickly, to speed, to hasten away, flee away; cf.:

numquam Vergilius diem dicit ire, sed fugere, quod currendi genus concitatissimum est,

Sen. Ep. 108 med. (mostly poet. and of inanim. and abstr. things):

tenuis fugiens per gramina rivus,

Verg. G. 4, 19:

Tantalus a labris sitiens fugientia captat Flumina,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 68:

concidunt venti fugiuntque nubes,

id. C. 1, 12, 30:

spernit humum fugiente pennā,

hasting away, rapidly soaring, id. ib. 3, 2, 24:

nullum sine vulnere fugit Missile,

Stat. Th. 9, 770:

insequitur fugientem lumine pinum (i. e. navem),

Ov. M. 11, 469:

fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

Lucr. 4, 389:

fugiunt freno non remorante dies,

Ov. F. 6, 772:

sed fugit interea, fugit irreparabile tempus,

Verg. G. 3, 284:

annus,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 40:

hora,

id. C. 3, 29, 48:

aetas,

id. ib. 1, 11, 7.—Of persons:

evolat ante omnes rapidoque per aëra cursu Callaicus Lampon fugit,

hastens away, Sil. 16, 335. Here perh. belongs: acer Gelonus, Cum fugit in Rhodopen atque in deserta Getarum, i. e. swiftly roves (as a nomade), Verg. G. 3, 462 (acc. to another explan., flees, driven from his abode).—

Pregn., to vanish, disappear, to pass away, perish:

e pratis cana pruina fugit,

Ov. F. 6, 730:

fugiunt de corpore setae,

id. M. 1, 739; cf.:

jam fessae tandem fugiunt de corpore vires,

Verg. Cir. 447;

for which: calidusque e corpore sanguis Inducto pallore fugit,

Ov. M. 14, 755:

fugerat ore color,

id. H. 11, 27:

nisi causa morbi Fugerit venis,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 15:

fugiunt cum sanguine vires,

Ov. M. 7, 859:

amor,

Prop. 1, 12, 12:

memoriane fugerit in annalibus digerendis, an, etc.,

Liv. 9, 44, 4:

gratissima sunt poma, cum fugiunt,

i. e. when they wilt, become wilted, Sen. Ep. 12; cf.: vinum fugiens, under P. a.—

Trop. (rare but class.):

nos naturam sequamur, et ab omni, quod abhorret ab oculorum auriumque approbatione, fugiamus,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 128; cf.: omne animal appetit quaedam et fugit a quibusdam;

quod autem refugit, id contra naturam est, etc.,

id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Quint. 11, 1, 54:

ad verba,

to have recourse to, Petr. 132.

Act., to flee from, seek to avoid; to avoid, shun any thing.

Lit. (mostly poet.): erravi, post cognovi, et fugio cognitum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 160 Vahl.):

cum Domitius concilia conventusque hominum fugeret,

Caes. B. C. 1, 19, 2:

neminem neque populum neque privatum fugio,

Liv. 9, 1, 7:

vesanum fugiunt poëtam qui sapiunt,

Hor. A. P. 455:

percontatorem,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 69:

hostem,

id. S. 1, 3, 10:

lupus me fugit inermem,

id. C. 1, 22, 12:

nunc et ovis ultro fugiat lupus,

Verg. E. 8, 52:

(Peleus) Hippolyten dum fugit abstinens,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 18:

scriptorum chorus omnis amat nemus et fugit urbes,

id. Ep. 2, 77; id. S. 1, 6, 126:

data pocula,

Ov. M. 14, 287; cf.

vina,

id. ib. 15, 323.— Pass.:

sic litora vento Incipiente fremunt, fugitur cum portus,

i. e. is left, Stat. Th. 7, 140. —

In partic. (cf. supra, I. A. b.), to leave one's country:

nos patriam fugimus,

Verg. E. 1, 4:

Teucer Salamina patremque cum fugeret,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 22.—Hence:

quis exsul Se quoque fugit?

Hor. C. 2, 16, 20.—

Transf. (causa pro effectu), to flee away from, to escape, = effugio ( poet.;

but cf. infra, B. 2.): hac Quirinus Martis equis Acheronta fugit,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 16:

insidiatorem,

id. S. 2, 5, 25:

cuncta manus avidas fugient heredis,

id. C. 4, 7, 19.—And in a poetically inverted mode of expression: nullum Saeva caput Proserpina fugit (= nemo tam gravis est, ad quem mors non accedat), none does cruel Proserpine flee away from, avoid (i. e. none escapes death), Hor. C. 1, 28, 20.—

Trop., to flee from, avoid, shun (very freq. and class.):

conspectum multitudinis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 30, 1:

ignominiam ac dedecus,

Cic. Rep. 5, 4:

nullam molestiam,

id. ib. 3, 5; cf.

laborem,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 114; Verg. A. 3, 459 (opp. ferre):

recordationes,

Cic. Att. 12, 18:

vituperationem tarditatis,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 101; cf.:

majoris opprobria culpae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 10:

judicium senatus,

Liv. 8, 33, 8:

vitium,

Quint. 2, 15, 16:

hanc voluptatem (with reformidare),

id. 8, 5, 32:

disciplinas omnes (Epicurus),

id. 2, 17, 15:

nuptias,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 27; cf.:

usum conjugis,

Ov. M. 10, 565:

conubia,

id. ib. 14, 69:

amplexus senis,

Tib. 1, 9, 74:

nec sequar aut fugiam, quae diligit ipse vel odit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 72:

spondeum et dactylum (opp. sequi),

Quint. 9, 4, 87.— Pass.:

simili inscitiā mors fugitur, quasi dissolutio naturae,

Cic. Leg. 1, 11, 31:

quemadmodum ratione in vivendo fugitur invidia, sic, etc.,

Auct. Her. 4, 38, 50:

quod si curam fugimus, virtus fugienda est,

Cic. Lael. 13, 47:

fugiendas esse nimias amicitias,

id. ib. 13, 45:

fugienda semper injuria est,

id. Off. 1, 8, 25; id. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 103:

vitiosum genus fugiendum,

id. Or. 56, 189; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 128:

petenda ac fugienda,

id. 3, 6, 49.—

Like the Gr. pheugein, with inf. (mostly poet.), to avoid doing something, to omit, forbear, beware, = omittere, cavere:

illud in his rebus longe fuge credere, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 1052:

o fuge te tenerae puerorum credere turbae,

Tib. 1, 4, 9:

quid sit futurum cras, fuge quaerere,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 13; cf.

also: fuge suspicari, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 4, 22:

mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis?

Verg. A. 9, 200; cf. Ov. H. 9, 75:

fugeres radice vel herbā Proficiente nihil curarier,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 150; cf.:

neque illud fugerim dicere, ut Caelius, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153:

huic donis patris triumphum decorare fugiendum fuit?

id. Mur. 5, 11.—

Transf. (causa pro effectu; cf. supra, II. A. 2.), to escape ( poet. also of things as subjects):

tanta est animi tenuitas, ut fugiat aciem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 50; Ov. F. 2, 80:

sed tamen admiror, quo pacto judicium illud Fugerit,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 100:

quos viros vigilantia fugit,

whom any vigilance escapes, Verg. G. 2, 265; cf. id. E. 9, 54.—

Esp. freq., res me fugit, it escapes me, escapes my notice; I do not observe it, do not know it (cf.:

latet, praeterit): novus ille populus vidit tamen id, quod fugit Lacedaemonium Lycurgum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 12; cf.:

illos id fugerat,

id. Fin. 4, 23, 63:

hominem amentem hoc fugit,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27:

quem res nulla fugeret,

id. Rep. 2, 1:

quae (ratio) neque Solonem Atheniensem fugerat, neque nostrum senatum,

id. ib. 2, 34;

1, 16: non fugisset hoc Graecos homines, si, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 59, 253:

neminem haec utilitas fugit,

Quint. 2, 5, 17:

nisi quae me forte fugiunt, hae sunt fere de animo sententiae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; Quint. 9, 2, 107; 7, 1, 40:

nullam rem esse declarant in usu positam militari, quae hujus viri scientiam fugere possit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

quae (partitio) fugiet memoriam judicis,

Quint. 4, 5, 3; cf. Gell. 1, 18, 6.—With a subject-clause:

de Dionysio, fugit me ad te antea scribere,

Cic. Att. 7, 18, 3; 5, 12, 3:

illud alterum quam sit difficile, te non fugit,

id. ib. 12, 42, 2.—Hence, fŭgĭens, entis, P. a., fleeing, fleeting, vanishing.

Lit.:

accipiter,

Lucr. 3, 752:

membra deficiunt, fugienti languida vitā,

id. 5, 887:

vinum,

growing flat, spoiling, Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

ocelli,

dying, Ov. Am. 3, 9, 49:

portus fugiens ad litora,

running back, retreating, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 15.—

Subst. in the later jurid. lang., like the Gr. ho pheugôn, the defendant:

omnimodo hoc et ab actore et a fugiente exigi,

Cod. Just. 2, 58, § 4 (for which, reus, § 7).—

Trop., with gen.:

nemo erat adeo tardus aut fugiens laboris, quin, etc.,

averse to labor, indolent, Caes. B. C. 1, 69, 3:

doloris,

Lact. 3, 8, 13:

solitudinis (with appeteus communionis ac societatis),

id. 6, 10, 18.— Comp., sup., and adv. do not occur.

nullus, a, um, ( gen. m. nulli, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 99 Ritschl; Ter. And. 3, 5, 2; Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48; gen. f. nullae, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 207; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; dat. m. nullo, Caes. B. G. 6, 13; dat. f. nullae, Prop. 1, 20, 35; and cf. Cato ap. Prisc. p. 694 P.; Caecil. ib. p. 678; gen. usu. nullīus, but nullĭus, Lucr. 1, 224; 926; 4, 1; Hor. Epod. 16, 61; id. Ep. 1, 1, 14), adj. [ne-ullus], not any, none, no.

In gen.: semita nulla. Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 44 Vahl.):

nulla videbatur aptior persona,

Cic. Lael. 1, 4:

praecepta,

id. Off. 1, 37, 132:

lites,

id. de Or. 1, 26, 118:

elephanto beluarum nulla prudentior,

id. N. D. 1, 35, 97:

nullo pacto,

id. Mur. 13, 28:

nullo certo ordine,

Caes. B. G. 2, 11:

nullo discrimine,

Verg. A. 1, 574:

aliter sine populi jussu nulli earum rerum consuli jus est,

no consul has the right, Sall. C. 29, 3 (al. nullius):

nulla verius quam ubi ea cogitentur, hostium castra esse,

Liv. 22, 53, 8 Weissenb. (al. nullo):

nullum meum minimum dictum,

not the slightest word on my part, id. Fam. 1, 9, 21: nullusdum, none as yet:

nulladum via,

Liv. 5, 34; 29, 11: nulli rei esse, to be good for nothing:

nequam hominem dixerunt nulli rei, neque frugis bonae,

Gell. 7, 11, 1; 13, 30, 3: nullius partis esse, on neither side, Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2.—

Subst.: nullus, īus, m., for nemo, no one, nobody (rare in Cic.): Pi. Qui scire possum? Chry. Nullus plus, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 12:

sunt nulli,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 132:

ut nullo egeat,

id. Lael. 9, 30:

ego quidem nulli vestrum deero,

Liv. 6, 18, 8:

nulli ea placere sententia,

id. 37, 15, 1:

ab nullo repetere beneficia,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

aut nullo aut quam paucissimis praesentibus,

id. ib. 109, 1:

nullo poscente,

Verg. G. 1, 128:

nullo hostium sustinente novum ac velut infernum aspectum,

Tac. G. 43:

a nullo ante nos prodita,

Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 279:

nullus denique tam abjectae condicionis fuit, cujus, etc.,

Suet. Calig. 35:

hoc nullus nisi arte assequi potest,

Quint. 8 prooem. §

16: nulli non parta libertas est,

Curt. 5, 8, 14.— Fem.: nulla, īus, Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 24; Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; Prop. 2, 3, 1; 3, 24 (31), 41; Ov. R. Am. 747; Just. 28, 4, 4.—In plur. (rare):

nam, reor, nullis, si vita longior daretur, posset esse jucundior,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93:

nullis adversus Romanos auxilia denegabant,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 45, 1:

nullis defendentibus,

Nep. Them. 4, 1:

nullis magis opus esse magistris vivendi quam plerisque qui, etc.,

Lact. 3, 15, 10; Verg. G. 2, 10; Sen. Ep. 73, 1; Tac. A. 2, 77 fin.; id. H. 2, 20: nulli duo, not two, no two:

nullas duas in tot milibus hominum indiscretas effigies exsistere,

Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 8; so,

ita fit, ut nulli duo concinant,

id. 3, 1, 3, § 16: nullus alter, nullus unus, no other, no one:

scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:

nullā re unā magis oratorem commendari, quam, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 59, 216; cf.:

ut unum signum Byzantii ex maximo numero nullum haberent,

id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7: nullus non, every:

nullā rerum suarum non relictā inter hostes,

Liv. 8, 26:

nullo non se die extulit,

Sen. Ep. 12, 8; Suet. Caes. 76: non nullus; v. nonnullus.—In the neutr., nul-lum, nullīus, nothing (rare for nihil):

Grai praeter laudem nullius avari,

Hor. A. P. 324:

nullius acrior custos, quam libertatis fuit,

Flor. 1, 26:

nullo sibi relicto praeter querelas, etc.,

Amm. 14, 1, 4:

nullum magnum quod extremum est,

Sen. Ep. 4, 3:

nullo magis studia, quam spe gaudent,

Quint. 2, 4, 43.— Abl. nullo, for nullā re (post-Aug.):

nullo magis exterritus est quam quod, etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 15:

nullo magis Caesarem Augustum demeruit,

Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 1:

deus nullo magis hominem separavit a ceteris animalibus quam dicendi facultate,

Quint. 2, 16, 12; 2, 4, 13; 5, 14, 14.—

(Mostly conversational.) Nullus, = non, not, not at all:

at tu edepol nullus creduas,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 5; id. Rud. 4, 4, 91:

is nullus venit,

id. As. 2, 4, 2:

memini, tametsi nullus moneas,

Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 3 (cf. II. C. infra):

Philotimus non modo nullus venit, sed, etc.,

Cic. Att. 11, 24, 4:

Sextus ab armis nullus discedit,

id. ib. 15, 22; cf. id. ib. 15, 29, 1:

nolite arbitrari, me, cum a vobis discessero, nusquam aut nullum fore,

id. Sen. 22, 79:

hereditas quae nulla debetur,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 44; id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128.—

In partic.

Of no account or moment, insignificant, trifling:

igitur tu Titias et Appuleias leges nullas putas?

Cic. Leg. 2, 6, 14:

nullum vero id quidem argumentum est,

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 13:

sed vides nullam esse rem publicam, nullum senatum, etc.,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 1; Nep. Phoc. 1, 2:

in his tam parvis atque tam nullis,

Plin. 11, 2, 2, § 2:

alia fuere, quae illos magnos fecere, quae nobis nulla sunt,

Sall. C. 52, 21.—

Null, of no value:

ut sine his studiis vitam nullam esse ducamus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 5, 20; Luc. 1, 589.—

Nullus sum, I am lost, undone, it's all over with me (ante-class.):

si id factum est, ecce me nullum senem,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 26; cf. id. Most. 2, 1, 41; id. Merc. 1, 2, 52; 104:

nullu's, Geta, nisi, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 1; cf. id. And. 3, 4, 20.

nullus, a, um, ( gen. m. nulli, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 99 Ritschl; Ter. And. 3, 5, 2; Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48; gen. f. nullae, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 207; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; dat. m. nullo, Caes. B. G. 6, 13; dat. f. nullae, Prop. 1, 20, 35; and cf. Cato ap. Prisc. p. 694 P.; Caecil. ib. p. 678; gen. usu. nullīus, but nullĭus, Lucr. 1, 224; 926; 4, 1; Hor. Epod. 16, 61; id. Ep. 1, 1, 14), adj. [ne-ullus], not any, none, no.

In gen.: semita nulla. Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 44 Vahl.):

nulla videbatur aptior persona,

Cic. Lael. 1, 4:

praecepta,

id. Off. 1, 37, 132:

lites,

id. de Or. 1, 26, 118:

elephanto beluarum nulla prudentior,

id. N. D. 1, 35, 97:

nullo pacto,

id. Mur. 13, 28:

nullo certo ordine,

Caes. B. G. 2, 11:

nullo discrimine,

Verg. A. 1, 574:

aliter sine populi jussu nulli earum rerum consuli jus est,

no consul has the right, Sall. C. 29, 3 (al. nullius):

nulla verius quam ubi ea cogitentur, hostium castra esse,

Liv. 22, 53, 8 Weissenb. (al. nullo):

nullum meum minimum dictum,

not the slightest word on my part, id. Fam. 1, 9, 21: nullusdum, none as yet:

nulladum via,

Liv. 5, 34; 29, 11: nulli rei esse, to be good for nothing:

nequam hominem dixerunt nulli rei, neque frugis bonae,

Gell. 7, 11, 1; 13, 30, 3: nullius partis esse, on neither side, Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2.—

Subst.: nullus, īus, m., for nemo, no one, nobody (rare in Cic.): Pi. Qui scire possum? Chry. Nullus plus, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 12:

sunt nulli,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 132:

ut nullo egeat,

id. Lael. 9, 30:

ego quidem nulli vestrum deero,

Liv. 6, 18, 8:

nulli ea placere sententia,

id. 37, 15, 1:

ab nullo repetere beneficia,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

aut nullo aut quam paucissimis praesentibus,

id. ib. 109, 1:

nullo poscente,

Verg. G. 1, 128:

nullo hostium sustinente novum ac velut infernum aspectum,

Tac. G. 43:

a nullo ante nos prodita,

Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 279:

nullus denique tam abjectae condicionis fuit, cujus, etc.,

Suet. Calig. 35:

hoc nullus nisi arte assequi potest,

Quint. 8 prooem. §

16: nulli non parta libertas est,

Curt. 5, 8, 14.— Fem.: nulla, īus, Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 24; Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; Prop. 2, 3, 1; 3, 24 (31), 41; Ov. R. Am. 747; Just. 28, 4, 4.—In plur. (rare):

nam, reor, nullis, si vita longior daretur, posset esse jucundior,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93:

nullis adversus Romanos auxilia denegabant,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 45, 1:

nullis defendentibus,

Nep. Them. 4, 1:

nullis magis opus esse magistris vivendi quam plerisque qui, etc.,

Lact. 3, 15, 10; Verg. G. 2, 10; Sen. Ep. 73, 1; Tac. A. 2, 77 fin.; id. H. 2, 20: nulli duo, not two, no two:

nullas duas in tot milibus hominum indiscretas effigies exsistere,

Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 8; so,

ita fit, ut nulli duo concinant,

id. 3, 1, 3, § 16: nullus alter, nullus unus, no other, no one:

scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:

nullā re unā magis oratorem commendari, quam, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 59, 216; cf.:

ut unum signum Byzantii ex maximo numero nullum haberent,

id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7: nullus non, every:

nullā rerum suarum non relictā inter hostes,

Liv. 8, 26:

nullo non se die extulit,

Sen. Ep. 12, 8; Suet. Caes. 76: non nullus; v. nonnullus.—In the neutr., nul-lum, nullīus, nothing (rare for nihil):

Grai praeter laudem nullius avari,

Hor. A. P. 324:

nullius acrior custos, quam libertatis fuit,

Flor. 1, 26:

nullo sibi relicto praeter querelas, etc.,

Amm. 14, 1, 4:

nullum magnum quod extremum est,

Sen. Ep. 4, 3:

nullo magis studia, quam spe gaudent,

Quint. 2, 4, 43.— Abl. nullo, for nullā re (post-Aug.):

nullo magis exterritus est quam quod, etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 15:

nullo magis Caesarem Augustum demeruit,

Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 1:

deus nullo magis hominem separavit a ceteris animalibus quam dicendi facultate,

Quint. 2, 16, 12; 2, 4, 13; 5, 14, 14.—

(Mostly conversational.) Nullus, = non, not, not at all:

at tu edepol nullus creduas,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 5; id. Rud. 4, 4, 91:

is nullus venit,

id. As. 2, 4, 2:

memini, tametsi nullus moneas,

Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 3 (cf. II. C. infra):

Philotimus non modo nullus venit, sed, etc.,

Cic. Att. 11, 24, 4:

Sextus ab armis nullus discedit,

id. ib. 15, 22; cf. id. ib. 15, 29, 1:

nolite arbitrari, me, cum a vobis discessero, nusquam aut nullum fore,

id. Sen. 22, 79:

hereditas quae nulla debetur,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 44; id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128.—

In partic.

Of no account or moment, insignificant, trifling:

igitur tu Titias et Appuleias leges nullas putas?

Cic. Leg. 2, 6, 14:

nullum vero id quidem argumentum est,

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 13:

sed vides nullam esse rem publicam, nullum senatum, etc.,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 1; Nep. Phoc. 1, 2:

in his tam parvis atque tam nullis,

Plin. 11, 2, 2, § 2:

alia fuere, quae illos magnos fecere, quae nobis nulla sunt,

Sall. C. 52, 21.—

Null, of no value:

ut sine his studiis vitam nullam esse ducamus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 5, 20; Luc. 1, 589.—

Nullus sum, I am lost, undone, it's all over with me (ante-class.):

si id factum est, ecce me nullum senem,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 26; cf. id. Most. 2, 1, 41; id. Merc. 1, 2, 52; 104:

nullu's, Geta, nisi, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 1; cf. id. And. 3, 4, 20.

nullus, a, um, ( gen. m. nulli, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 99 Ritschl; Ter. And. 3, 5, 2; Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48; gen. f. nullae, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 207; v. Ritschl ad h. l.; dat. m. nullo, Caes. B. G. 6, 13; dat. f. nullae, Prop. 1, 20, 35; and cf. Cato ap. Prisc. p. 694 P.; Caecil. ib. p. 678; gen. usu. nullīus, but nullĭus, Lucr. 1, 224; 926; 4, 1; Hor. Epod. 16, 61; id. Ep. 1, 1, 14), adj. [ne-ullus], not any, none, no.

In gen.: semita nulla. Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 44 Vahl.):

nulla videbatur aptior persona,

Cic. Lael. 1, 4:

praecepta,

id. Off. 1, 37, 132:

lites,

id. de Or. 1, 26, 118:

elephanto beluarum nulla prudentior,

id. N. D. 1, 35, 97:

nullo pacto,

id. Mur. 13, 28:

nullo certo ordine,

Caes. B. G. 2, 11:

nullo discrimine,

Verg. A. 1, 574:

aliter sine populi jussu nulli earum rerum consuli jus est,

no consul has the right, Sall. C. 29, 3 (al. nullius):

nulla verius quam ubi ea cogitentur, hostium castra esse,

Liv. 22, 53, 8 Weissenb. (al. nullo):

nullum meum minimum dictum,

not the slightest word on my part, id. Fam. 1, 9, 21: nullusdum, none as yet:

nulladum via,

Liv. 5, 34; 29, 11: nulli rei esse, to be good for nothing:

nequam hominem dixerunt nulli rei, neque frugis bonae,

Gell. 7, 11, 1; 13, 30, 3: nullius partis esse, on neither side, Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2.—

Subst.: nullus, īus, m., for nemo, no one, nobody (rare in Cic.): Pi. Qui scire possum? Chry. Nullus plus, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 12:

sunt nulli,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 132:

ut nullo egeat,

id. Lael. 9, 30:

ego quidem nulli vestrum deero,

Liv. 6, 18, 8:

nulli ea placere sententia,

id. 37, 15, 1:

ab nullo repetere beneficia,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

aut nullo aut quam paucissimis praesentibus,

id. ib. 109, 1:

nullo poscente,

Verg. G. 1, 128:

nullo hostium sustinente novum ac velut infernum aspectum,

Tac. G. 43:

a nullo ante nos prodita,

Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 279:

nullus denique tam abjectae condicionis fuit, cujus, etc.,

Suet. Calig. 35:

hoc nullus nisi arte assequi potest,

Quint. 8 prooem. §

16: nulli non parta libertas est,

Curt. 5, 8, 14.— Fem.: nulla, īus, Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 24; Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; Prop. 2, 3, 1; 3, 24 (31), 41; Ov. R. Am. 747; Just. 28, 4, 4.—In plur. (rare):

nam, reor, nullis, si vita longior daretur, posset esse jucundior,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93:

nullis adversus Romanos auxilia denegabant,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 45, 1:

nullis defendentibus,

Nep. Them. 4, 1:

nullis magis opus esse magistris vivendi quam plerisque qui, etc.,

Lact. 3, 15, 10; Verg. G. 2, 10; Sen. Ep. 73, 1; Tac. A. 2, 77 fin.; id. H. 2, 20: nulli duo, not two, no two:

nullas duas in tot milibus hominum indiscretas effigies exsistere,

Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 8; so,

ita fit, ut nulli duo concinant,

id. 3, 1, 3, § 16: nullus alter, nullus unus, no other, no one:

scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:

nullā re unā magis oratorem commendari, quam, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 59, 216; cf.:

ut unum signum Byzantii ex maximo numero nullum haberent,

id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7: nullus non, every:

nullā rerum suarum non relictā inter hostes,

Liv. 8, 26:

nullo non se die extulit,

Sen. Ep. 12, 8; Suet. Caes. 76: non nullus; v. nonnullus.—In the neutr., nul-lum, nullīus, nothing (rare for nihil):

Grai praeter laudem nullius avari,

Hor. A. P. 324:

nullius acrior custos, quam libertatis fuit,

Flor. 1, 26:

nullo sibi relicto praeter querelas, etc.,

Amm. 14, 1, 4:

nullum magnum quod extremum est,

Sen. Ep. 4, 3:

nullo magis studia, quam spe gaudent,

Quint. 2, 4, 43.— Abl. nullo, for nullā re (post-Aug.):

nullo magis exterritus est quam quod, etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 15:

nullo magis Caesarem Augustum demeruit,

Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 1:

deus nullo magis hominem separavit a ceteris animalibus quam dicendi facultate,

Quint. 2, 16, 12; 2, 4, 13; 5, 14, 14.—

(Mostly conversational.) Nullus, = non, not, not at all:

at tu edepol nullus creduas,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 5; id. Rud. 4, 4, 91:

is nullus venit,

id. As. 2, 4, 2:

memini, tametsi nullus moneas,

Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 3 (cf. II. C. infra):

Philotimus non modo nullus venit, sed, etc.,

Cic. Att. 11, 24, 4:

Sextus ab armis nullus discedit,

id. ib. 15, 22; cf. id. ib. 15, 29, 1:

nolite arbitrari, me, cum a vobis discessero, nusquam aut nullum fore,

id. Sen. 22, 79:

hereditas quae nulla debetur,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 44; id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128.—

In partic.

Of no account or moment, insignificant, trifling:

igitur tu Titias et Appuleias leges nullas putas?

Cic. Leg. 2, 6, 14:

nullum vero id quidem argumentum est,

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 13:

sed vides nullam esse rem publicam, nullum senatum, etc.,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 1; Nep. Phoc. 1, 2:

in his tam parvis atque tam nullis,

Plin. 11, 2, 2, § 2:

alia fuere, quae illos magnos fecere, quae nobis nulla sunt,

Sall. C. 52, 21.—

Null, of no value:

ut sine his studiis vitam nullam esse ducamus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 5, 20; Luc. 1, 589.—

Nullus sum, I am lost, undone, it's all over with me (ante-class.):

si id factum est, ecce me nullum senem,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 26; cf. id. Most. 2, 1, 41; id. Merc. 1, 2, 52; 104:

nullu's, Geta, nisi, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 1; cf. id. And. 3, 4, 20.

* * *

ălĭquis, aliquid; plur. aliqui [alius-quis; cf. Engl. somebody or other, i.e. some person [p. 88] obscurely definite; v. Donald. Varron. p. 381 sq.] ( fem. sing. rare).— Abl. sing. aliqui, Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; id. Truc. 5, 30; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11.— Nom. plur. masc. aliques, analog. to ques, from quis, acc. to Charis. 133 P.— Nom. and acc. plur. neutr. always aliqua.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Liv. 22, 13;

oftener aliquis,

id. 26, 15; 26, 49; Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 131.—Alicui, trisyl., Tib. 4, 7, 2), indef. subst. pron., some one, somebody, any one, something, any thing; in the plur., some, any (it is opp. to an object definitely stated, as also to no one, nobody. The synn. quis, aliquis, and quidam designate an object not denoted by name; quis leaves not merely the object, but even its existence, uncertain; hence it is in gen. used in hypoth. and conditional clauses, with si, nisi, num, quando, etc.; aliquis, more emphatic than quis, denotes that an object really exists, but that nothing depends upon its individuality; no matter of what kind it may be, if it is only one, and not none; quidam indicates not merely the existence and individuality of an object, but that it is known as such to the speaker, only that he is not acquainted with, or does not choose to give, its more definite relations; cf. Jahn ad Ov. M. 9, 429, and the works there referred to).

A.. In gen.: nam nos decebat domum Lugere, ubi esset aliquis in lucem editus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (as a transl. of Eurip. Cresph. Fragm. ap. Stob. tit. 121, Edei gar hêmas sullogon poioumenous Ton phunta thrênein, etc.):

Ervom tibi aliquis cras faxo ad villam adferat,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 65:

hunc videre saepe optabamus diem, Quom ex te esset aliquis, qui te appellaret patrem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:

utinam modo agatur aliquid!

Cic. Att. 3, 15:

aliquid facerem, ut hoc ne facerem,

I would do any thing, that I might not do this, Ter. And. 1, 5, 24; so id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

fit plerumque, ut ei, qui boni quid volunt adferre, adfingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiant, laetius,

Cic. Phil. 1, 3:

quamvis enim demersae sunt leges alicujus opibus,

id. Off. 2, 7, 24:

quod motum adfert alicui,

to any thing, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53: te donabo ego hodie aliqui (abl.), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 18; so, gaudere aliqui me volo, in some thing (or some way), id. Truc. 5, 30:

nec manibus humanis (Deus) colitur indigens aliquo,

any thing, Vulg. Act. 17, 25:

non est tua ulla culpa, si te aliqui timuerunt,

Cic. Marcell. 6 fin.:

in narratione, ut aliqua neganda, aliqua adicienda, sic aliqua etiam tacenda,

Quint. 4, 2, 67:

sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta,

Tac. Or. 25:

laudare aliqua, ferre quaedam,

Quint. 2, 4, 12:

quaero, utrum aliquid actum an nihil arbitremur,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15: quisquis est ille, si modo est aliquis (i. e. if only there is some one), qui, etc., id. Brut. 73, 255; so id. Ac. 2, 43, 132, etc.; Liv. 2, 10 fin.:

nunc aliquis dicat mihi: Quid tu?

Hor. S. 1, 3, 19; so id. ib. 2, 2, 94; 2, 2, 105; 2, 3, 6; 2, 5, 42, and id. Ep. 2, 1, 206.— Fem. sing.:

Forsitan audieris aliquam certamine cursus Veloces superāsse viros,

Ov. M. 10, 560:

si qua tibi spon sa est, haec tibi sive aliqua est,

id. ib. 4, 326.—

Not unfrequently with adj.:

Novo modo novum aliquid inventum adferre addecet,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 156:

novum aliquid advertere,

Tac. A. 15, 30:

judicabant esse profecto aliquid naturā pulchrum atque praeclarum,

Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

mihi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum,

in which there is any end, id. ib. 19, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:

dignum aliquid elaborare,

Tac. Or. 9:

aliquid improvisum, inopinatum,

Liv. 27, 43:

aliquid exquisitum,

Tac. A. 12, 66:

aliquid illustre et dignum memoriā,

id. Or. 20:

sanctum aliquid et providum,

id. G. 8:

insigne aliquid faceret eis,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31:

aliquid magnum,

Verg. A. 9, 186, and 10, 547:

quos magnum aliquid deceret, Juv 8, 263: dicens se esse aliquem magnum,

Vulg. Act. 8, 9:

majus aliquid et excelsius,

Tac. A. 3, 53:

melius aliquid,

Vulg. Heb. 11, 40:

deterius aliquid,

ib. Joan. 5, 14.—Also with unus, to designate a single, but not otherwise defined person:

ad unum aliquem confugiebant,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41 (cf. id. ib. 2, 12, 42: id si ab uno justo et bono viro consequebantur, erant, etc.): sin aliquis excellit unus e multis;

effert se, si unum aliquid adfert,

id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; so id. Verr. 2, 2, 52:

aliquis unus pluresve divitiores,

id. Rep. 1, 32: nam si natura non prohibet et esse virum bonum et esse dicendiperitum:

cur non aliquis etiam unus utrumque consequi possit? cur autem non se quisque speret fore illum aliquem?

that one, Quint. 12, 1, 31; 1, 12, 2.—

Partitive with ex, de, or the gen.:

aliquis ex vobis,

Cic. Cael. 3:

aliquem ex privatis audimus jussisse, etc.,

Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22:

ex principibus aliquis,

Vulg. Joan. 7, 48; ib. Rom. 11, 14:

aliquis de tribus nobis,

Cic. Leg. 3, 7:

si de iis aliqui remanserint,

Vulg. Lev. 26, 39; ib. 2 Reg. 9, 3:

suorum aliquis,

Cic. Phil. 8, 9:

exspectabam aliquem meorum,

id. Att. 13, 15: succurret fortasse alicui vestrūm, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1:

trium rerum aliqua consequemur,

Cic. Part. 8, 30:

impetratum ab aliquo vestrūm,

Tac. Or. 15; so Vulg. 1 Cor. 6, 1:

principum aliquis,

Tac. G. 13:

cum popularibus et aliquibus principum,

Liv. 22, 13:

horum aliquid,

Vulg. Lev. 15, 10.—

Aliquid (nom. or acc.), with gen. of a subst. or of a neutr, adj. of second decl. instead of the adj. aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, agreeing with such word:

aliquid pugnae,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 54:

vestimenti aridi,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 16:

consilii,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 71:

monstri,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 15:

scitamentorum,

Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 26:

armorum,

Tac. G. 18:

boni,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 5; Ter. And. 2, 3, 24; Vulg. Joan. 1, 46:

aequi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 33:

mali,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 60; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 29:

novi,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1; Vulg. Act. 17, 21:

potionis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 22:

virium,

Cic. Fam. 11, 18:

falsi,

id. Caecin. 1, 3:

vacui,

Quint. 10, 6, 1:

mdefensi,

Liv. 26, 5 al. —Very rarely in abl.:

aliquo loci morari,

Dig. 18, 7, 1.—

Frequently, esp. in Cic., with the kindred words aliquando, alicubi, aliquo, etc., for the sake of emphasis or rhetorical fulness, Cic. Planc. 14, 35:

asperius locutus est aliquid aliquando,

id. ib. 13, 33; id. Sest. 6, 14; id. Mil. 25, 67:

non despero fore aliquem aliquando,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 95; id. Rep. 1, 9; id. Or. 42, 144; id. Fam. 7, 11 med.: evadat saltem aliquid aliquā, quod conatus sum, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1; App. Mag. p. 295, 17 al.—

In conditional clauses with si, nisi, quod si, etc.:

si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius dimisisset,

Cic. Phil. 13, 1: si aliquid ( really any thing, in contrast with nihil) dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44: quod si non possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 5:

Quod si de iis aliqui remanserint,

Vulg. Lev. 26, 39:

si quando aliquid tamquam aliqua fabella narratur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 59:

si quis vobis aliquid dixerit,

Vulg. Matt. 21, 3; ib. Luc. 19, 8:

si aliquem, cui narraret, habuisset,

Cic. Lael. 23, 88:

si aliquem nacti sumus, cujus, etc.,

id. ib. 8, 27:

cui (puero) si aliquid erit,

id. Fam. 14, 1:

nisi alicui suorum negotium daret,

Nep. Dion, 8, 2:

si aliquid eorum praestitit,

Liv. 24, 8.—

In negative clauses with ne:

Pompeius cavebat omnia, no aliquid vos timeretis,

Cic. Mil. 24, 66:

ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat,

Nep. Epam. 4, 4:

ne alicui dicerent,

Vulg. Luc. 8, 46.—

In Plaut. and Ter. collect. with a plur. verb (cf. tis, Matth. Gr. 673): aperite atque Erotium aliquis evocate, open, some one (of you), etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 111 (cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 37:

me adesse quis nuntiate): aperite aliquis actutum ostium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 27.—

In Verg. once with the second person sing.:

Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,

Verg. A. 4, 625.

aliqui, as nemo sometimes stands with a noun for the adj. nullus:

nos quibus est alicunde aliquis objectus labos,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6 Fleck.;

Et ait idem, ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24 B. and K.:

num igitur aliquis dolor in corpore est?

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 iid.:

ut aliquis nos deus tolleret,

id. Am. 23, 87 iid.: sin casus aliquis interpellārit, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8 iid.:

si deus aliquis vitas repente mutāsset,

Tac. Or. 41 Halm:

sic est aliquis oratorum campus,

id. ib. 39 id.:

sive sensus aliquis argutā sententiā effulsit,

id. ib. 20 id. A similar use of aliquid for the adj. aliquod was asserted to exist in Plaut. by Lind. ad Cic. Inv. 2, 6, 399, and this is repeated by Klotz, s. v. aliquis, but Lemaire's Index gives only one instance: ni occupo aliquid mihi consilium, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94, where Brix now reads aliquod.

Esp.

With alius, aliud: some or any other, something else, any thing else:

dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

potest fieri, ut alius aliquis Cornelius sit,

Cic. Fragm. B. VI. 21:

ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur,

id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:

non est in alio aliquo salus,

Vulg. Act. 4, 12:

aliquid aliud promittere,

Petr. 10, 5 al. —

And with the idea of alius implied, in opp. to a definite object or objects, some or any other, something else, any thing else: aut ture aut vino aut aliqui (abl.) semper supplicat, Plaut. Aul prol. 24:

vellem aliquid Antonio praeter illum libellum libuisset scribere,

Cic. Brut. 44:

aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat,

Liv. 34, 38:

cum seditionem sedare vellem, cum frumentum imperarem..., cum aliquid denique rei publicae causā gererem,

Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 20: commentabar declamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum Q. Pompeio aut cum aliquo cotidie id. Brut. 90, 310; Vell. 1, 17; Tac. A. 1, 4: (Tiberius) neque spectacula omnino edidit;

et iis, quae ab aliquo ederentur, rarissime interfuit,

Suet. Tib. 47.—

In a pregn. signif. as in Gr. tis, ti, something considerable, important, or great = aliquid magnum (v. supra. I. B.; cf. in Gr. hoti oiesthe ti poiein ouden poiountes, Plat. Symp. 1, 4):

non omnia in ducis, aliquid et in militum manu esse,

Liv. 45, 36.—Hence, esp.,

Esse aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody or something, i. e to be of some worth, value, or note, to be esteemed:

atque fac, ut me velis esse aliquem,

Cic. Att. 3, 15 fin.:

aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris dignum, si vis esse aliquis,

Juv. 1, 73:

an quidquam stultius quam quos singulos contemnas, eos esse aliquid putare universos?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104:

exstitit Theodas dicens se esse aliquem,

Vulg. Act. 5, 36: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid. Cic. Att. 4, 2:

ego quoque aliquid sum,

id. Fam. 6, 18:

qui videbantur aliquid esse,

Vulg. Gal. 2, 2; 2, 6: quod te cum Culeone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid ( it is something, it is no trifle):

sed, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 15: est istuc quidem aliquid, sed, etc.; id. Sen. 3; id. Cat. 1, 4:

est aliquid nupsisse Jovi,

Ov. F. 6, 27:

Est aliquid de tot Graiorum milibus unum A Diomede legi,

id. M. 13, 241:

est aliquid unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae,

Juv. 3, 230:

omina sunt aliquid,

Ov. Am. 1, 12, 3; so,

crimen abesse,

id. F. 1, 484:

Sunt aliquid Manes,

Prop. 5, 7, 1:

est aliquid eloquentia,

Quint. 1, prooem. fin. —

Dicere aliquid, like legein ti, to say something worth the while:

diceres aliquid et magno quidem philosopho dignum,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 16, 35; cf. Herm. ad Vig. 731; 755; so, assequi aliquid, to effect something considerable:

Etenim si nunc aliquid assequi se putant, qui ostium Ponti viderunt,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45.—

In colloquial lang.: fiet aliquid, something important or great, will, may come to pass or happen: Ch. Invenietur, exquiretur, aliquid fiet. Eu. Enicas. Jam istuc aliquid fiet, metuo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 25:

mane, aliquid fiet, ne abi,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14.—

Ad aliquid esse, in gram. lang., to refer or relate to something else, e. g. pater, filius, frater, etc. (v. ad):

idem cum interrogantur, cur aper apri et pater patris faciat, il lud nomen positum, hoc ad aliquid esse contendunt,

Quint. 1, 6, 13 Halm.—

Atque aliquis, poet. in imitation of hôide de tis, and thus some one (Hom. II. 7, 178;

7, 201 al.): Atque aliquis, magno quaerens exempla timori, Non alios, inquit, motus, etc.,

Luc. 2, 67 Web.; Stat. Th. 1, 171; Claud. Eutr. 1, 350.—

It is sometimes omitted before qui, esp. in the phrase est qui, sunt qui:

praemittebatque de stipulatoribus suis, qui perscrutarentur, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

sunt quibus in satirā videar nimis acer,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 1:

sunt qui adiciant his evidentiam, quae, etc.,

Quint. 4, 2, § 63 (cf. on the contr. § 69: verum in his quoque confessionibus est aliquid. quod ex invidiā detrahi possit).—

Aliquid, like nihil (q. v. I. g), is used of persons:

Hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquid transfugiebat,

Vell. 2, 84, 2 (cf. in Gr. tôn d allôn ou per ti... oute theôn out anthrôpôn, Hom. H. Ven. 34 sq. Herm.).— Hence the advv.

ălĭquid (prop. acc. denoting in what respect, with a verb or [p. 89] adj.; so in Gr. ti), somewhat, in something, in some degree, to some extent:

illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere,

Cic. Deiot. 13, 35:

si in me aliquid offendistis,

at all, in any respect, id. Mil. 36, 99:

quos tamen aliquid usus ac disciplina sublevarent,

somewhat, Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

Philippi regnum officere aliquid videtur libertati vestrae,

Liv. 31, 29:

Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse nefandum est?

Verg. A. 10, 84:

neque circumcisio aliquid valet,

Vulg. Gal. 6, 15:

perlucens jam aliquid, incerta tamen lux,

Liv. 41, 2:

aliquid et spatio fessus,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 259; Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35.—

ălĭquō (from aliquoi, old dat. denoting direction whither; cf.: eo, quo, alio, etc.).

Somewhither (arch.), to some place, somewhere; in the comic poets sometimes also with a subst. added, which designates the place more definitely:

ut aliquo ex urbe amoveas,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 94:

aliquo abicere,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:

concludere,

id. Eun. 4, 3, 25 (cf. id. Ad. 4, 2, 13, in cellam aliquam concludere):

ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 17:

demigrandum potius aliquo est quam, etc.,

id. Dom. 100:

aliquem aliquo impellere,

id. Vatin. 15:

aliquo exire,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1:

aliquo advenire vel sicunde discedere,

Suet. Calig. 4; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 51; id. Men. 5, 1, 3:

in angulum Aliquo abire,

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10; 3, 3, 6:

aliquem rus aliquo educere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3.—With a gen., like quo, ubi, etc.: migrandum Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 5.—

With the idea of alio implied, = alio quo, somewhere else, to some other place (cf. aliquis, II. B.):

dum proficiscor aliquo,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 28:

at certe ut hinc concedas aliquo,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11:

si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 265.—

ălĭquam, adv. (prop. acc. fem.), = in aliquam partem, in some degree; only in connection with diu, multus, and plures.

Aliquam diu (B. and K.), or together aliquamdiu (Madv., Halm, Dietsch), awhile, for a while, for some time; also pregn., for some considerable time (most freq. in the histt., esp. Cæs. and Livy; also in Cic.).

Absol.:

ut non aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini,

Cic. Clu. 9, 25:

Aristum Athenis audivit aliquam diu,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:

in vincula conjectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit,

Nep. Con. 5, 3;

id. Dion, 3, 1: quā in parte rex affuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum,

Sall. J. 74, 3; Liv. 3, 70, 4.—

Often followed by deinde, postea, postremo, tandem, etc.:

pugnatur aliquamdiu pari contentione: deinde, etc., Auct. B. G. 8, 19, 3: cunctati aliquamdiu sunt: pudor deinde commovit aciem,

Liv. 2, 10, 9; so id. 1, 16:

quos aliquamdiu inermos timuissent, hos postea armatos superāssent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 6:

controversia aliquamdiu fuit: postremo, etc.,

Liv. 3, 32, 7; 25, 15, 14; 45, 6, 6:

ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit: tandem, etc.,

Liv. 29, 2, 15; 34, 28, 4 and 11; Suet. Ner. 6.—

With donec, as a more definite limitation of time, some time... until, a considerable time... until:

exanimis aliquamdiu jacuit, donec, etc.,

Suet. Caes. 82. —

Meton., for a long distance; most freq. of rivers:

Rhodanus aliquamdiu Gallias dirimit,

Mel. 2, 5, 5; so id. 3, 5, 6; 3, 9, 8 al.—Of the Corycian cave in Cilicia:

deinde aliquamdiu perspicuus, mox, et quo magis subitur, obscurior,

Mel. 1, 13.—

Aliquam multi, or aliquammulti, somewhat many, considerable in number or quantity (mostly post-class.):

sunt vestrūm aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognōrunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56 B. and K.: aliquammultos non comparuisse, * Gell. 3, 10, 17 Hertz:

aliquammultis diebus decumbo,

App. Mag. p. 320, 10.—Also adv.: aliquam multum, something much, to a considerable distance, considerably:

sed haec defensio, ut dixi, aliquam multum a me remota est,

App. Mag. p. 276, 7 dub.—And comp. * aliquam plures, somewhat more, considerably more:

aliquam pluribus et amarioribus perorantem,

Tert. Apol. 12 dub.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 243.—

ălĭquā, adv. (prop. abl. fem.).

Somewhere (like mod. Engl. somewhere for somewhither):

antevenito aliquā aliquos,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66: aliquā evolare si posset, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:

si quā evasissent aliquā,

Liv. 26, 27, 12.—

Transf. to action, in some way or other, in some manner, = aliquo modo:

aliquid aliquā sentire,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62: evadere aliquā, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1:

aliquid aliquā resciscere,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 19, and 4, 1, 19: aliquā nocere, * Verg. E. 3, 15:

aliquā obesse,

App. Mag. p. 295, 17.—

ălĭqui, adv. (prop. abl. = aliquo modo), in some way, somehow:

Quamquam ego tibi videor stultus, gaudere me aliqui volo,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 30 (but in this and like cases, aliqui may be treated as the abl. subst.; cf. supra, I. A.); cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 242.

plur., and aliquam, acc., and aliquā, abl., used adverbially, may also be referred to the adj. ălĭqui, ălĭqua, ălĭquod.

ălĭquis, aliquid; plur. aliqui [alius-quis; cf. Engl. somebody or other, i.e. some person [p. 88] obscurely definite; v. Donald. Varron. p. 381 sq.] ( fem. sing. rare).— Abl. sing. aliqui, Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; id. Truc. 5, 30; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11.— Nom. plur. masc. aliques, analog. to ques, from quis, acc. to Charis. 133 P.— Nom. and acc. plur. neutr. always aliqua.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Liv. 22, 13;

oftener aliquis,

id. 26, 15; 26, 49; Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 131.—Alicui, trisyl., Tib. 4, 7, 2), indef. subst. pron., some one, somebody, any one, something, any thing; in the plur., some, any (it is opp. to an object definitely stated, as also to no one, nobody. The synn. quis, aliquis, and quidam designate an object not denoted by name; quis leaves not merely the object, but even its existence, uncertain; hence it is in gen. used in hypoth. and conditional clauses, with si, nisi, num, quando, etc.; aliquis, more emphatic than quis, denotes that an object really exists, but that nothing depends upon its individuality; no matter of what kind it may be, if it is only one, and not none; quidam indicates not merely the existence and individuality of an object, but that it is known as such to the speaker, only that he is not acquainted with, or does not choose to give, its more definite relations; cf. Jahn ad Ov. M. 9, 429, and the works there referred to).

A.. In gen.: nam nos decebat domum Lugere, ubi esset aliquis in lucem editus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (as a transl. of Eurip. Cresph. Fragm. ap. Stob. tit. 121, Edei gar hêmas sullogon poioumenous Ton phunta thrênein, etc.):

Ervom tibi aliquis cras faxo ad villam adferat,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 65:

hunc videre saepe optabamus diem, Quom ex te esset aliquis, qui te appellaret patrem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:

utinam modo agatur aliquid!

Cic. Att. 3, 15:

aliquid facerem, ut hoc ne facerem,

I would do any thing, that I might not do this, Ter. And. 1, 5, 24; so id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

fit plerumque, ut ei, qui boni quid volunt adferre, adfingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiant, laetius,

Cic. Phil. 1, 3:

quamvis enim demersae sunt leges alicujus opibus,

id. Off. 2, 7, 24:

quod motum adfert alicui,

to any thing, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53: te donabo ego hodie aliqui (abl.), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 18; so, gaudere aliqui me volo, in some thing (or some way), id. Truc. 5, 30:

nec manibus humanis (Deus) colitur indigens aliquo,

any thing, Vulg. Act. 17, 25:

non est tua ulla culpa, si te aliqui timuerunt,

Cic. Marcell. 6 fin.:

in narratione, ut aliqua neganda, aliqua adicienda, sic aliqua etiam tacenda,

Quint. 4, 2, 67:

sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta,

Tac. Or. 25:

laudare aliqua, ferre quaedam,

Quint. 2, 4, 12:

quaero, utrum aliquid actum an nihil arbitremur,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15: quisquis est ille, si modo est aliquis (i. e. if only there is some one), qui, etc., id. Brut. 73, 255; so id. Ac. 2, 43, 132, etc.; Liv. 2, 10 fin.:

nunc aliquis dicat mihi: Quid tu?

Hor. S. 1, 3, 19; so id. ib. 2, 2, 94; 2, 2, 105; 2, 3, 6; 2, 5, 42, and id. Ep. 2, 1, 206.— Fem. sing.:

Forsitan audieris aliquam certamine cursus Veloces superāsse viros,

Ov. M. 10, 560:

si qua tibi spon sa est, haec tibi sive aliqua est,

id. ib. 4, 326.—

Not unfrequently with adj.:

Novo modo novum aliquid inventum adferre addecet,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 156:

novum aliquid advertere,

Tac. A. 15, 30:

judicabant esse profecto aliquid naturā pulchrum atque praeclarum,

Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

mihi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum,

in which there is any end, id. ib. 19, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:

dignum aliquid elaborare,

Tac. Or. 9:

aliquid improvisum, inopinatum,

Liv. 27, 43:

aliquid exquisitum,

Tac. A. 12, 66:

aliquid illustre et dignum memoriā,

id. Or. 20:

sanctum aliquid et providum,

id. G. 8:

insigne aliquid faceret eis,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31:

aliquid magnum,

Verg. A. 9, 186, and 10, 547:

quos magnum aliquid deceret, Juv 8, 263: dicens se esse aliquem magnum,

Vulg. Act. 8, 9:

majus aliquid et excelsius,

Tac. A. 3, 53:

melius aliquid,

Vulg. Heb. 11, 40:

deterius aliquid,

ib. Joan. 5, 14.—Also with unus, to designate a single, but not otherwise defined person:

ad unum aliquem confugiebant,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41 (cf. id. ib. 2, 12, 42: id si ab uno justo et bono viro consequebantur, erant, etc.): sin aliquis excellit unus e multis;

effert se, si unum aliquid adfert,

id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; so id. Verr. 2, 2, 52:

aliquis unus pluresve divitiores,

id. Rep. 1, 32: nam si natura non prohibet et esse virum bonum et esse dicendiperitum:

cur non aliquis etiam unus utrumque consequi possit? cur autem non se quisque speret fore illum aliquem?

that one, Quint. 12, 1, 31; 1, 12, 2.—

Partitive with ex, de, or the gen.:

aliquis ex vobis,

Cic. Cael. 3:

aliquem ex privatis audimus jussisse, etc.,

Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22:

ex principibus aliquis,

Vulg. Joan. 7, 48; ib. Rom. 11, 14:

aliquis de tribus nobis,

Cic. Leg. 3, 7:

si de iis aliqui remanserint,

Vulg. Lev. 26, 39; ib. 2 Reg. 9, 3:

suorum aliquis,

Cic. Phil. 8, 9:

exspectabam aliquem meorum,

id. Att. 13, 15: succurret fortasse alicui vestrūm, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1:

trium rerum aliqua consequemur,

Cic. Part. 8, 30:

impetratum ab aliquo vestrūm,

Tac. Or. 15; so Vulg. 1 Cor. 6, 1:

principum aliquis,

Tac. G. 13:

cum popularibus et aliquibus principum,

Liv. 22, 13:

horum aliquid,

Vulg. Lev. 15, 10.—

Aliquid (nom. or acc.), with gen. of a subst. or of a neutr, adj. of second decl. instead of the adj. aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, agreeing with such word:

aliquid pugnae,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 54:

vestimenti aridi,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 16:

consilii,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 71:

monstri,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 15:

scitamentorum,

Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 26:

armorum,

Tac. G. 18:

boni,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 5; Ter. And. 2, 3, 24; Vulg. Joan. 1, 46:

aequi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 33:

mali,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 60; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 29:

novi,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1; Vulg. Act. 17, 21:

potionis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 22:

virium,

Cic. Fam. 11, 18:

falsi,

id. Caecin. 1, 3:

vacui,

Quint. 10, 6, 1:

mdefensi,

Liv. 26, 5 al. —Very rarely in abl.:

aliquo loci morari,

Dig. 18, 7, 1.—

Frequently, esp. in Cic., with the kindred words aliquando, alicubi, aliquo, etc., for the sake of emphasis or rhetorical fulness, Cic. Planc. 14, 35:

asperius locutus est aliquid aliquando,

id. ib. 13, 33; id. Sest. 6, 14; id. Mil. 25, 67:

non despero fore aliquem aliquando,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 95; id. Rep. 1, 9; id. Or. 42, 144; id. Fam. 7, 11 med.: evadat saltem aliquid aliquā, quod conatus sum, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1; App. Mag. p. 295, 17 al.—

In conditional clauses with si, nisi, quod si, etc.:

si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius dimisisset,

Cic. Phil. 13, 1: si aliquid ( really any thing, in contrast with nihil) dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44: quod si non possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 5:

Quod si de iis aliqui remanserint,

Vulg. Lev. 26, 39:

si quando aliquid tamquam aliqua fabella narratur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 59:

si quis vobis aliquid dixerit,

Vulg. Matt. 21, 3; ib. Luc. 19, 8:

si aliquem, cui narraret, habuisset,

Cic. Lael. 23, 88:

si aliquem nacti sumus, cujus, etc.,

id. ib. 8, 27:

cui (puero) si aliquid erit,

id. Fam. 14, 1:

nisi alicui suorum negotium daret,

Nep. Dion, 8, 2:

si aliquid eorum praestitit,

Liv. 24, 8.—

In negative clauses with ne:

Pompeius cavebat omnia, no aliquid vos timeretis,

Cic. Mil. 24, 66:

ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat,

Nep. Epam. 4, 4:

ne alicui dicerent,

Vulg. Luc. 8, 46.—

In Plaut. and Ter. collect. with a plur. verb (cf. tis, Matth. Gr. 673): aperite atque Erotium aliquis evocate, open, some one (of you), etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 111 (cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 37:

me adesse quis nuntiate): aperite aliquis actutum ostium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 27.—

In Verg. once with the second person sing.:

Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,

Verg. A. 4, 625.

aliqui, as nemo sometimes stands with a noun for the adj. nullus:

nos quibus est alicunde aliquis objectus labos,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6 Fleck.;

Et ait idem, ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24 B. and K.:

num igitur aliquis dolor in corpore est?

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 iid.:

ut aliquis nos deus tolleret,

id. Am. 23, 87 iid.: sin casus aliquis interpellārit, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8 iid.:

si deus aliquis vitas repente mutāsset,

Tac. Or. 41 Halm:

sic est aliquis oratorum campus,

id. ib. 39 id.:

sive sensus aliquis argutā sententiā effulsit,

id. ib. 20 id. A similar use of aliquid for the adj. aliquod was asserted to exist in Plaut. by Lind. ad Cic. Inv. 2, 6, 399, and this is repeated by Klotz, s. v. aliquis, but Lemaire's Index gives only one instance: ni occupo aliquid mihi consilium, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94, where Brix now reads aliquod.

Esp.

With alius, aliud: some or any other, something else, any thing else:

dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

potest fieri, ut alius aliquis Cornelius sit,

Cic. Fragm. B. VI. 21:

ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur,

id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:

non est in alio aliquo salus,

Vulg. Act. 4, 12:

aliquid aliud promittere,

Petr. 10, 5 al. —

And with the idea of alius implied, in opp. to a definite object or objects, some or any other, something else, any thing else: aut ture aut vino aut aliqui (abl.) semper supplicat, Plaut. Aul prol. 24:

vellem aliquid Antonio praeter illum libellum libuisset scribere,

Cic. Brut. 44:

aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat,

Liv. 34, 38:

cum seditionem sedare vellem, cum frumentum imperarem..., cum aliquid denique rei publicae causā gererem,

Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 20: commentabar declamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum Q. Pompeio aut cum aliquo cotidie id. Brut. 90, 310; Vell. 1, 17; Tac. A. 1, 4: (Tiberius) neque spectacula omnino edidit;

et iis, quae ab aliquo ederentur, rarissime interfuit,

Suet. Tib. 47.—

In a pregn. signif. as in Gr. tis, ti, something considerable, important, or great = aliquid magnum (v. supra. I. B.; cf. in Gr. hoti oiesthe ti poiein ouden poiountes, Plat. Symp. 1, 4):

non omnia in ducis, aliquid et in militum manu esse,

Liv. 45, 36.—Hence, esp.,

Esse aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody or something, i. e to be of some worth, value, or note, to be esteemed:

atque fac, ut me velis esse aliquem,

Cic. Att. 3, 15 fin.:

aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris dignum, si vis esse aliquis,

Juv. 1, 73:

an quidquam stultius quam quos singulos contemnas, eos esse aliquid putare universos?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104:

exstitit Theodas dicens se esse aliquem,

Vulg. Act. 5, 36: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid. Cic. Att. 4, 2:

ego quoque aliquid sum,

id. Fam. 6, 18:

qui videbantur aliquid esse,

Vulg. Gal. 2, 2; 2, 6: quod te cum Culeone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid ( it is something, it is no trifle):

sed, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 15: est istuc quidem aliquid, sed, etc.; id. Sen. 3; id. Cat. 1, 4:

est aliquid nupsisse Jovi,

Ov. F. 6, 27:

Est aliquid de tot Graiorum milibus unum A Diomede legi,

id. M. 13, 241:

est aliquid unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae,

Juv. 3, 230:

omina sunt aliquid,

Ov. Am. 1, 12, 3; so,

crimen abesse,

id. F. 1, 484:

Sunt aliquid Manes,

Prop. 5, 7, 1:

est aliquid eloquentia,

Quint. 1, prooem. fin. —

Dicere aliquid, like legein ti, to say something worth the while:

diceres aliquid et magno quidem philosopho dignum,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 16, 35; cf. Herm. ad Vig. 731; 755; so, assequi aliquid, to effect something considerable:

Etenim si nunc aliquid assequi se putant, qui ostium Ponti viderunt,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45.—

In colloquial lang.: fiet aliquid, something important or great, will, may come to pass or happen: Ch. Invenietur, exquiretur, aliquid fiet. Eu. Enicas. Jam istuc aliquid fiet, metuo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 25:

mane, aliquid fiet, ne abi,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14.—

Ad aliquid esse, in gram. lang., to refer or relate to something else, e. g. pater, filius, frater, etc. (v. ad):

idem cum interrogantur, cur aper apri et pater patris faciat, il lud nomen positum, hoc ad aliquid esse contendunt,

Quint. 1, 6, 13 Halm.—

Atque aliquis, poet. in imitation of hôide de tis, and thus some one (Hom. II. 7, 178;

7, 201 al.): Atque aliquis, magno quaerens exempla timori, Non alios, inquit, motus, etc.,

Luc. 2, 67 Web.; Stat. Th. 1, 171; Claud. Eutr. 1, 350.—

It is sometimes omitted before qui, esp. in the phrase est qui, sunt qui:

praemittebatque de stipulatoribus suis, qui perscrutarentur, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

sunt quibus in satirā videar nimis acer,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 1:

sunt qui adiciant his evidentiam, quae, etc.,

Quint. 4, 2, § 63 (cf. on the contr. § 69: verum in his quoque confessionibus est aliquid. quod ex invidiā detrahi possit).—

Aliquid, like nihil (q. v. I. g), is used of persons:

Hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquid transfugiebat,

Vell. 2, 84, 2 (cf. in Gr. tôn d allôn ou per ti... oute theôn out anthrôpôn, Hom. H. Ven. 34 sq. Herm.).— Hence the advv.

ălĭquid (prop. acc. denoting in what respect, with a verb or [p. 89] adj.; so in Gr. ti), somewhat, in something, in some degree, to some extent:

illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere,

Cic. Deiot. 13, 35:

si in me aliquid offendistis,

at all, in any respect, id. Mil. 36, 99:

quos tamen aliquid usus ac disciplina sublevarent,

somewhat, Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

Philippi regnum officere aliquid videtur libertati vestrae,

Liv. 31, 29:

Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse nefandum est?

Verg. A. 10, 84:

neque circumcisio aliquid valet,

Vulg. Gal. 6, 15:

perlucens jam aliquid, incerta tamen lux,

Liv. 41, 2:

aliquid et spatio fessus,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 259; Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35.—

ălĭquō (from aliquoi, old dat. denoting direction whither; cf.: eo, quo, alio, etc.).

Somewhither (arch.), to some place, somewhere; in the comic poets sometimes also with a subst. added, which designates the place more definitely:

ut aliquo ex urbe amoveas,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 94:

aliquo abicere,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:

concludere,

id. Eun. 4, 3, 25 (cf. id. Ad. 4, 2, 13, in cellam aliquam concludere):

ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 17:

demigrandum potius aliquo est quam, etc.,

id. Dom. 100:

aliquem aliquo impellere,

id. Vatin. 15:

aliquo exire,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1:

aliquo advenire vel sicunde discedere,

Suet. Calig. 4; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 51; id. Men. 5, 1, 3:

in angulum Aliquo abire,

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10; 3, 3, 6:

aliquem rus aliquo educere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3.—With a gen., like quo, ubi, etc.: migrandum Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 5.—

With the idea of alio implied, = alio quo, somewhere else, to some other place (cf. aliquis, II. B.):

dum proficiscor aliquo,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 28:

at certe ut hinc concedas aliquo,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11:

si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 265.—

ălĭquam, adv. (prop. acc. fem.), = in aliquam partem, in some degree; only in connection with diu, multus, and plures.

Aliquam diu (B. and K.), or together aliquamdiu (Madv., Halm, Dietsch), awhile, for a while, for some time; also pregn., for some considerable time (most freq. in the histt., esp. Cæs. and Livy; also in Cic.).

Absol.:

ut non aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini,

Cic. Clu. 9, 25:

Aristum Athenis audivit aliquam diu,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:

in vincula conjectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit,

Nep. Con. 5, 3;

id. Dion, 3, 1: quā in parte rex affuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum,

Sall. J. 74, 3; Liv. 3, 70, 4.—

Often followed by deinde, postea, postremo, tandem, etc.:

pugnatur aliquamdiu pari contentione: deinde, etc., Auct. B. G. 8, 19, 3: cunctati aliquamdiu sunt: pudor deinde commovit aciem,

Liv. 2, 10, 9; so id. 1, 16:

quos aliquamdiu inermos timuissent, hos postea armatos superāssent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 6:

controversia aliquamdiu fuit: postremo, etc.,

Liv. 3, 32, 7; 25, 15, 14; 45, 6, 6:

ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit: tandem, etc.,

Liv. 29, 2, 15; 34, 28, 4 and 11; Suet. Ner. 6.—

With donec, as a more definite limitation of time, some time... until, a considerable time... until:

exanimis aliquamdiu jacuit, donec, etc.,

Suet. Caes. 82. —

Meton., for a long distance; most freq. of rivers:

Rhodanus aliquamdiu Gallias dirimit,

Mel. 2, 5, 5; so id. 3, 5, 6; 3, 9, 8 al.—Of the Corycian cave in Cilicia:

deinde aliquamdiu perspicuus, mox, et quo magis subitur, obscurior,

Mel. 1, 13.—

Aliquam multi, or aliquammulti, somewhat many, considerable in number or quantity (mostly post-class.):

sunt vestrūm aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognōrunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56 B. and K.: aliquammultos non comparuisse, * Gell. 3, 10, 17 Hertz:

aliquammultis diebus decumbo,

App. Mag. p. 320, 10.—Also adv.: aliquam multum, something much, to a considerable distance, considerably:

sed haec defensio, ut dixi, aliquam multum a me remota est,

App. Mag. p. 276, 7 dub.—And comp. * aliquam plures, somewhat more, considerably more:

aliquam pluribus et amarioribus perorantem,

Tert. Apol. 12 dub.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 243.—

ălĭquā, adv. (prop. abl. fem.).

Somewhere (like mod. Engl. somewhere for somewhither):

antevenito aliquā aliquos,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66: aliquā evolare si posset, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:

si quā evasissent aliquā,

Liv. 26, 27, 12.—

Transf. to action, in some way or other, in some manner, = aliquo modo:

aliquid aliquā sentire,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62: evadere aliquā, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1:

aliquid aliquā resciscere,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 19, and 4, 1, 19: aliquā nocere, * Verg. E. 3, 15:

aliquā obesse,

App. Mag. p. 295, 17.—

ălĭqui, adv. (prop. abl. = aliquo modo), in some way, somehow:

Quamquam ego tibi videor stultus, gaudere me aliqui volo,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 30 (but in this and like cases, aliqui may be treated as the abl. subst.; cf. supra, I. A.); cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 242.

plur., and aliquam, acc., and aliquā, abl., used adverbially, may also be referred to the adj. ălĭqui, ălĭqua, ălĭquod.

ălĭquis, aliquid; plur. aliqui [alius-quis; cf. Engl. somebody or other, i.e. some person [p. 88] obscurely definite; v. Donald. Varron. p. 381 sq.] ( fem. sing. rare).— Abl. sing. aliqui, Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; id. Truc. 5, 30; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11.— Nom. plur. masc. aliques, analog. to ques, from quis, acc. to Charis. 133 P.— Nom. and acc. plur. neutr. always aliqua.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Liv. 22, 13;

oftener aliquis,

id. 26, 15; 26, 49; Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 131.—Alicui, trisyl., Tib. 4, 7, 2), indef. subst. pron., some one, somebody, any one, something, any thing; in the plur., some, any (it is opp. to an object definitely stated, as also to no one, nobody. The synn. quis, aliquis, and quidam designate an object not denoted by name; quis leaves not merely the object, but even its existence, uncertain; hence it is in gen. used in hypoth. and conditional clauses, with si, nisi, num, quando, etc.; aliquis, more emphatic than quis, denotes that an object really exists, but that nothing depends upon its individuality; no matter of what kind it may be, if it is only one, and not none; quidam indicates not merely the existence and individuality of an object, but that it is known as such to the speaker, only that he is not acquainted with, or does not choose to give, its more definite relations; cf. Jahn ad Ov. M. 9, 429, and the works there referred to).

A.. In gen.: nam nos decebat domum Lugere, ubi esset aliquis in lucem editus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (as a transl. of Eurip. Cresph. Fragm. ap. Stob. tit. 121, Edei gar hêmas sullogon poioumenous Ton phunta thrênein, etc.):

Ervom tibi aliquis cras faxo ad villam adferat,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 65:

hunc videre saepe optabamus diem, Quom ex te esset aliquis, qui te appellaret patrem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:

utinam modo agatur aliquid!

Cic. Att. 3, 15:

aliquid facerem, ut hoc ne facerem,

I would do any thing, that I might not do this, Ter. And. 1, 5, 24; so id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

fit plerumque, ut ei, qui boni quid volunt adferre, adfingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiant, laetius,

Cic. Phil. 1, 3:

quamvis enim demersae sunt leges alicujus opibus,

id. Off. 2, 7, 24:

quod motum adfert alicui,

to any thing, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53: te donabo ego hodie aliqui (abl.), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 18; so, gaudere aliqui me volo, in some thing (or some way), id. Truc. 5, 30:

nec manibus humanis (Deus) colitur indigens aliquo,

any thing, Vulg. Act. 17, 25:

non est tua ulla culpa, si te aliqui timuerunt,

Cic. Marcell. 6 fin.:

in narratione, ut aliqua neganda, aliqua adicienda, sic aliqua etiam tacenda,

Quint. 4, 2, 67:

sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta,

Tac. Or. 25:

laudare aliqua, ferre quaedam,

Quint. 2, 4, 12:

quaero, utrum aliquid actum an nihil arbitremur,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15: quisquis est ille, si modo est aliquis (i. e. if only there is some one), qui, etc., id. Brut. 73, 255; so id. Ac. 2, 43, 132, etc.; Liv. 2, 10 fin.:

nunc aliquis dicat mihi: Quid tu?

Hor. S. 1, 3, 19; so id. ib. 2, 2, 94; 2, 2, 105; 2, 3, 6; 2, 5, 42, and id. Ep. 2, 1, 206.— Fem. sing.:

Forsitan audieris aliquam certamine cursus Veloces superāsse viros,

Ov. M. 10, 560:

si qua tibi spon sa est, haec tibi sive aliqua est,

id. ib. 4, 326.—

Not unfrequently with adj.:

Novo modo novum aliquid inventum adferre addecet,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 156:

novum aliquid advertere,

Tac. A. 15, 30:

judicabant esse profecto aliquid naturā pulchrum atque praeclarum,

Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

mihi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum,

in which there is any end, id. ib. 19, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:

dignum aliquid elaborare,

Tac. Or. 9:

aliquid improvisum, inopinatum,

Liv. 27, 43:

aliquid exquisitum,

Tac. A. 12, 66:

aliquid illustre et dignum memoriā,

id. Or. 20:

sanctum aliquid et providum,

id. G. 8:

insigne aliquid faceret eis,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31:

aliquid magnum,

Verg. A. 9, 186, and 10, 547:

quos magnum aliquid deceret, Juv 8, 263: dicens se esse aliquem magnum,

Vulg. Act. 8, 9:

majus aliquid et excelsius,

Tac. A. 3, 53:

melius aliquid,

Vulg. Heb. 11, 40:

deterius aliquid,

ib. Joan. 5, 14.—Also with unus, to designate a single, but not otherwise defined person:

ad unum aliquem confugiebant,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41 (cf. id. ib. 2, 12, 42: id si ab uno justo et bono viro consequebantur, erant, etc.): sin aliquis excellit unus e multis;

effert se, si unum aliquid adfert,

id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; so id. Verr. 2, 2, 52:

aliquis unus pluresve divitiores,

id. Rep. 1, 32: nam si natura non prohibet et esse virum bonum et esse dicendiperitum:

cur non aliquis etiam unus utrumque consequi possit? cur autem non se quisque speret fore illum aliquem?

that one, Quint. 12, 1, 31; 1, 12, 2.—

Partitive with ex, de, or the gen.:

aliquis ex vobis,

Cic. Cael. 3:

aliquem ex privatis audimus jussisse, etc.,

Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22:

ex principibus aliquis,

Vulg. Joan. 7, 48; ib. Rom. 11, 14:

aliquis de tribus nobis,

Cic. Leg. 3, 7:

si de iis aliqui remanserint,

Vulg. Lev. 26, 39; ib. 2 Reg. 9, 3:

suorum aliquis,

Cic. Phil. 8, 9:

exspectabam aliquem meorum,

id. Att. 13, 15: succurret fortasse alicui vestrūm, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1:

trium rerum aliqua consequemur,

Cic. Part. 8, 30:

impetratum ab aliquo vestrūm,

Tac. Or. 15; so Vulg. 1 Cor. 6, 1:

principum aliquis,

Tac. G. 13:

cum popularibus et aliquibus principum,

Liv. 22, 13:

horum aliquid,

Vulg. Lev. 15, 10.—

Aliquid (nom. or acc.), with gen. of a subst. or of a neutr, adj. of second decl. instead of the adj. aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, agreeing with such word:

aliquid pugnae,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 54:

vestimenti aridi,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 16:

consilii,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 71:

monstri,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 15:

scitamentorum,

Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 26:

armorum,

Tac. G. 18:

boni,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 5; Ter. And. 2, 3, 24; Vulg. Joan. 1, 46:

aequi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 33:

mali,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 60; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 29:

novi,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1; Vulg. Act. 17, 21:

potionis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 22:

virium,

Cic. Fam. 11, 18:

falsi,

id. Caecin. 1, 3:

vacui,

Quint. 10, 6, 1:

mdefensi,

Liv. 26, 5 al. —Very rarely in abl.:

aliquo loci morari,

Dig. 18, 7, 1.—

Frequently, esp. in Cic., with the kindred words aliquando, alicubi, aliquo, etc., for the sake of emphasis or rhetorical fulness, Cic. Planc. 14, 35:

asperius locutus est aliquid aliquando,

id. ib. 13, 33; id. Sest. 6, 14; id. Mil. 25, 67:

non despero fore aliquem aliquando,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 95; id. Rep. 1, 9; id. Or. 42, 144; id. Fam. 7, 11 med.: evadat saltem aliquid aliquā, quod conatus sum, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1; App. Mag. p. 295, 17 al.—

In conditional clauses with si, nisi, quod si, etc.:

si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius dimisisset,

Cic. Phil. 13, 1: si aliquid ( really any thing, in contrast with nihil) dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44: quod si non possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 5:

Quod si de iis aliqui remanserint,

Vulg. Lev. 26, 39:

si quando aliquid tamquam aliqua fabella narratur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 59:

si quis vobis aliquid dixerit,

Vulg. Matt. 21, 3; ib. Luc. 19, 8:

si aliquem, cui narraret, habuisset,

Cic. Lael. 23, 88:

si aliquem nacti sumus, cujus, etc.,

id. ib. 8, 27:

cui (puero) si aliquid erit,

id. Fam. 14, 1:

nisi alicui suorum negotium daret,

Nep. Dion, 8, 2:

si aliquid eorum praestitit,

Liv. 24, 8.—

In negative clauses with ne:

Pompeius cavebat omnia, no aliquid vos timeretis,

Cic. Mil. 24, 66:

ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat,

Nep. Epam. 4, 4:

ne alicui dicerent,

Vulg. Luc. 8, 46.—

In Plaut. and Ter. collect. with a plur. verb (cf. tis, Matth. Gr. 673): aperite atque Erotium aliquis evocate, open, some one (of you), etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 111 (cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 37:

me adesse quis nuntiate): aperite aliquis actutum ostium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 27.—

In Verg. once with the second person sing.:

Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,

Verg. A. 4, 625.

aliqui, as nemo sometimes stands with a noun for the adj. nullus:

nos quibus est alicunde aliquis objectus labos,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6 Fleck.;

Et ait idem, ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24 B. and K.:

num igitur aliquis dolor in corpore est?

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 iid.:

ut aliquis nos deus tolleret,

id. Am. 23, 87 iid.: sin casus aliquis interpellārit, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8 iid.:

si deus aliquis vitas repente mutāsset,

Tac. Or. 41 Halm:

sic est aliquis oratorum campus,

id. ib. 39 id.:

sive sensus aliquis argutā sententiā effulsit,

id. ib. 20 id. A similar use of aliquid for the adj. aliquod was asserted to exist in Plaut. by Lind. ad Cic. Inv. 2, 6, 399, and this is repeated by Klotz, s. v. aliquis, but Lemaire's Index gives only one instance: ni occupo aliquid mihi consilium, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94, where Brix now reads aliquod.

Esp.

With alius, aliud: some or any other, something else, any thing else:

dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

potest fieri, ut alius aliquis Cornelius sit,

Cic. Fragm. B. VI. 21:

ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur,

id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:

non est in alio aliquo salus,

Vulg. Act. 4, 12:

aliquid aliud promittere,

Petr. 10, 5 al. —

And with the idea of alius implied, in opp. to a definite object or objects, some or any other, something else, any thing else: aut ture aut vino aut aliqui (abl.) semper supplicat, Plaut. Aul prol. 24:

vellem aliquid Antonio praeter illum libellum libuisset scribere,

Cic. Brut. 44:

aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat,

Liv. 34, 38:

cum seditionem sedare vellem, cum frumentum imperarem..., cum aliquid denique rei publicae causā gererem,

Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 20: commentabar declamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum Q. Pompeio aut cum aliquo cotidie id. Brut. 90, 310; Vell. 1, 17; Tac. A. 1, 4: (Tiberius) neque spectacula omnino edidit;

et iis, quae ab aliquo ederentur, rarissime interfuit,

Suet. Tib. 47.—

In a pregn. signif. as in Gr. tis, ti, something considerable, important, or great = aliquid magnum (v. supra. I. B.; cf. in Gr. hoti oiesthe ti poiein ouden poiountes, Plat. Symp. 1, 4):

non omnia in ducis, aliquid et in militum manu esse,

Liv. 45, 36.—Hence, esp.,

Esse aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody or something, i. e to be of some worth, value, or note, to be esteemed:

atque fac, ut me velis esse aliquem,

Cic. Att. 3, 15 fin.:

aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris dignum, si vis esse aliquis,

Juv. 1, 73:

an quidquam stultius quam quos singulos contemnas, eos esse aliquid putare universos?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104:

exstitit Theodas dicens se esse aliquem,

Vulg. Act. 5, 36: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid. Cic. Att. 4, 2:

ego quoque aliquid sum,

id. Fam. 6, 18:

qui videbantur aliquid esse,

Vulg. Gal. 2, 2; 2, 6: quod te cum Culeone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid ( it is something, it is no trifle):

sed, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 15: est istuc quidem aliquid, sed, etc.; id. Sen. 3; id. Cat. 1, 4:

est aliquid nupsisse Jovi,

Ov. F. 6, 27:

Est aliquid de tot Graiorum milibus unum A Diomede legi,

id. M. 13, 241:

est aliquid unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae,

Juv. 3, 230:

omina sunt aliquid,

Ov. Am. 1, 12, 3; so,

crimen abesse,

id. F. 1, 484:

Sunt aliquid Manes,

Prop. 5, 7, 1:

est aliquid eloquentia,

Quint. 1, prooem. fin. —

Dicere aliquid, like legein ti, to say something worth the while:

diceres aliquid et magno quidem philosopho dignum,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 16, 35; cf. Herm. ad Vig. 731; 755; so, assequi aliquid, to effect something considerable:

Etenim si nunc aliquid assequi se putant, qui ostium Ponti viderunt,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45.—

In colloquial lang.: fiet aliquid, something important or great, will, may come to pass or happen: Ch. Invenietur, exquiretur, aliquid fiet. Eu. Enicas. Jam istuc aliquid fiet, metuo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 25:

mane, aliquid fiet, ne abi,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14.—

Ad aliquid esse, in gram. lang., to refer or relate to something else, e. g. pater, filius, frater, etc. (v. ad):

idem cum interrogantur, cur aper apri et pater patris faciat, il lud nomen positum, hoc ad aliquid esse contendunt,

Quint. 1, 6, 13 Halm.—

Atque aliquis, poet. in imitation of hôide de tis, and thus some one (Hom. II. 7, 178;

7, 201 al.): Atque aliquis, magno quaerens exempla timori, Non alios, inquit, motus, etc.,

Luc. 2, 67 Web.; Stat. Th. 1, 171; Claud. Eutr. 1, 350.—

It is sometimes omitted before qui, esp. in the phrase est qui, sunt qui:

praemittebatque de stipulatoribus suis, qui perscrutarentur, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

sunt quibus in satirā videar nimis acer,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 1:

sunt qui adiciant his evidentiam, quae, etc.,

Quint. 4, 2, § 63 (cf. on the contr. § 69: verum in his quoque confessionibus est aliquid. quod ex invidiā detrahi possit).—

Aliquid, like nihil (q. v. I. g), is used of persons:

Hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquid transfugiebat,

Vell. 2, 84, 2 (cf. in Gr. tôn d allôn ou per ti... oute theôn out anthrôpôn, Hom. H. Ven. 34 sq. Herm.).— Hence the advv.

ălĭquid (prop. acc. denoting in what respect, with a verb or [p. 89] adj.; so in Gr. ti), somewhat, in something, in some degree, to some extent:

illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere,

Cic. Deiot. 13, 35:

si in me aliquid offendistis,

at all, in any respect, id. Mil. 36, 99:

quos tamen aliquid usus ac disciplina sublevarent,

somewhat, Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

Philippi regnum officere aliquid videtur libertati vestrae,

Liv. 31, 29:

Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse nefandum est?

Verg. A. 10, 84:

neque circumcisio aliquid valet,

Vulg. Gal. 6, 15:

perlucens jam aliquid, incerta tamen lux,

Liv. 41, 2:

aliquid et spatio fessus,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 259; Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35.—

ălĭquō (from aliquoi, old dat. denoting direction whither; cf.: eo, quo, alio, etc.).

Somewhither (arch.), to some place, somewhere; in the comic poets sometimes also with a subst. added, which designates the place more definitely:

ut aliquo ex urbe amoveas,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 94:

aliquo abicere,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:

concludere,

id. Eun. 4, 3, 25 (cf. id. Ad. 4, 2, 13, in cellam aliquam concludere):

ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 17:

demigrandum potius aliquo est quam, etc.,

id. Dom. 100:

aliquem aliquo impellere,

id. Vatin. 15:

aliquo exire,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1:

aliquo advenire vel sicunde discedere,

Suet. Calig. 4; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 51; id. Men. 5, 1, 3:

in angulum Aliquo abire,

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10; 3, 3, 6:

aliquem rus aliquo educere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3.—With a gen., like quo, ubi, etc.: migrandum Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 5.—

With the idea of alio implied, = alio quo, somewhere else, to some other place (cf. aliquis, II. B.):

dum proficiscor aliquo,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 28:

at certe ut hinc concedas aliquo,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11:

si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 265.—

ălĭquam, adv. (prop. acc. fem.), = in aliquam partem, in some degree; only in connection with diu, multus, and plures.

Aliquam diu (B. and K.), or together aliquamdiu (Madv., Halm, Dietsch), awhile, for a while, for some time; also pregn., for some considerable time (most freq. in the histt., esp. Cæs. and Livy; also in Cic.).

Absol.:

ut non aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini,

Cic. Clu. 9, 25:

Aristum Athenis audivit aliquam diu,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:

in vincula conjectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit,

Nep. Con. 5, 3;

id. Dion, 3, 1: quā in parte rex affuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum,

Sall. J. 74, 3; Liv. 3, 70, 4.—

Often followed by deinde, postea, postremo, tandem, etc.:

pugnatur aliquamdiu pari contentione: deinde, etc., Auct. B. G. 8, 19, 3: cunctati aliquamdiu sunt: pudor deinde commovit aciem,

Liv. 2, 10, 9; so id. 1, 16:

quos aliquamdiu inermos timuissent, hos postea armatos superāssent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 6:

controversia aliquamdiu fuit: postremo, etc.,

Liv. 3, 32, 7; 25, 15, 14; 45, 6, 6:

ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit: tandem, etc.,

Liv. 29, 2, 15; 34, 28, 4 and 11; Suet. Ner. 6.—

With donec, as a more definite limitation of time, some time... until, a considerable time... until:

exanimis aliquamdiu jacuit, donec, etc.,

Suet. Caes. 82. —

Meton., for a long distance; most freq. of rivers:

Rhodanus aliquamdiu Gallias dirimit,

Mel. 2, 5, 5; so id. 3, 5, 6; 3, 9, 8 al.—Of the Corycian cave in Cilicia:

deinde aliquamdiu perspicuus, mox, et quo magis subitur, obscurior,

Mel. 1, 13.—

Aliquam multi, or aliquammulti, somewhat many, considerable in number or quantity (mostly post-class.):

sunt vestrūm aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognōrunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56 B. and K.: aliquammultos non comparuisse, * Gell. 3, 10, 17 Hertz:

aliquammultis diebus decumbo,

App. Mag. p. 320, 10.—Also adv.: aliquam multum, something much, to a considerable distance, considerably:

sed haec defensio, ut dixi, aliquam multum a me remota est,

App. Mag. p. 276, 7 dub.—And comp. * aliquam plures, somewhat more, considerably more:

aliquam pluribus et amarioribus perorantem,

Tert. Apol. 12 dub.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 243.—

ălĭquā, adv. (prop. abl. fem.).

Somewhere (like mod. Engl. somewhere for somewhither):

antevenito aliquā aliquos,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66: aliquā evolare si posset, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:

si quā evasissent aliquā,

Liv. 26, 27, 12.—

Transf. to action, in some way or other, in some manner, = aliquo modo:

aliquid aliquā sentire,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62: evadere aliquā, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1:

aliquid aliquā resciscere,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 19, and 4, 1, 19: aliquā nocere, * Verg. E. 3, 15:

aliquā obesse,

App. Mag. p. 295, 17.—

ălĭqui, adv. (prop. abl. = aliquo modo), in some way, somehow:

Quamquam ego tibi videor stultus, gaudere me aliqui volo,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 30 (but in this and like cases, aliqui may be treated as the abl. subst.; cf. supra, I. A.); cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 242.

plur., and aliquam, acc., and aliquā, abl., used adverbially, may also be referred to the adj. ălĭqui, ălĭqua, ălĭquod.

ălĭqui, aliqua, aliquod; plur. aliqui, aliquae, aliqua [alius-qui; v. aliquis] (the nom. fem. sing. and neutr. plur. were originally aliquae, analogous to the simple quae, from qui:

tam quam aliquae res Verberet,

Lucr. 4, 263, and Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 2 MS.; but the adj. signif. of the word caused the change into aliqua; on the other hand, a change of the gen. and dat. fem. sing. alicujus and alicui into aliquae, Charis. 133 P., seems to have been little imitated.—Alicui, trisyl., Ov. Tr. 4, 7, 7.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Mel. 2, 5;

oftener aliquis,

Liv. 24, 42; 45, 32; Plin. 2, 12, 9, § 55; cf. aliquis), indef. adj., some, any (designating an object acc. to its properties or attributes; while by aliquis, aliquid, as subst. pron., an object is designated individually by name; cf. Jahn in his Jahrb. 1831, III. 73, and the commentators on the passages below).

In opp. to a definite object:

quod certe, si est aliqui sensus in morte praeclarorum virorum, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 62, 131 B. and K.:

nisi qui deusvel casus aliqui subvenerit,

id. Fam. 16, 12, 1 iid.:

si forte aliqui inter dicendum effulserit extemporalis color,

Quint. 10, 6, 5 Halm:

ex hoc enim populo deligitur aliqui dux,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68 B. and K.:

si ab eā deus aliqui requirat,

id. Ac. Pr. 2, 7, 19 iid.:

an tibi erit quaerendus anularius aliqui?

id. ib. 2, 26, 86 iid.:

tertia (persona) adjungitur, quam casus aliqui aut tempus imponit,

id. Off. 1, 32, 115 iid.; so id. ib. 3, 7, 33 iid.:

lapis aliqui,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 56, § 147 Zumpt:

harum sententiarum quae vera sit, deus aliqui viderit,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 23 B. and K.:

aliqui talis terror,

id. ib. 4, 16, 35, and 5, 21, 62 iid.:

si te dolor aliqui corporis, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 1 iid.; and many other passages, where transcribers or editors have ignorantly substituted aliquis; cf. also Heind. ad Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 91:

Ut aliqua pars laboris minuatur mihi,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 42 Fleck.:

in quo aliqua significatio virtutis adpareat,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 46 B. and K.:

Cum repetes a proximo tuo rem aliquam,

Vulg. Deut. 24, 10:

numquam id sine aliquā justā causā existimarem te fecisse,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 7:

aliquae laudes, aliqua pars,

id. ib. 9, 14:

aliquae mulieres,

Vulg. Luc. 8, 2: aliquod rasum argenteum, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 33:

rasum aënum aliquod,

id. ib. 1, 1, 34:

evadet in aliquod magnum malum,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 64:

qui appropinquans aliquod malum metuit,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 35:

esse in mentibus hominum tamquam oraculum aliquod,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

si habuerit aliquod juramentum,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 8, 31: sive plura sunt, sive aliquod unum, or some one only, Cic. de Or, 2, 72, 292:

ne aliquas suscipiam molestias,

id. Am. 13, 48; id. Off. 1, 36:

necubi aut motus alicujus aut fulgor armorum fraudem detegeret,

Liv. 22, 28, 8:

ne illa peregrinatio detrimentum aliquod afferret,

Nep. Att. 2, 3:

me credit aliquam sibi fallaciam portare,

Ter. And. 2, 6, 1:

qui alicui rei est (sc. aptus),

who is fitted for something, id. Ad. 3, 3, 4: demonstrativum genus est, quod tribuitur in alicujus certae personae laudem aut vituperationem, to the praise or blame of some particular person, Cic. Inv. 1, 7:

alicui Graeculo otioso,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 102:

totiens alicui chartae sua vincula dempsi,

Ov. Tr. 4, 7, 7:

invenies aliquo cum percussore jacentem,

Juv. 8, 173 al. —

In opp. to no, none, some:

exorabo aliquo modo,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 41:

ut huic malo aliquam producam moram,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 9:

olim quom ita animum induxti tuum, Quod cuperes, aliquo pacto efficiundum tibi,

id. ib. 5, 3, 13 (= quoquo modo, Don.):

haec enim ille aliquā ex parte habebat,

in some degree, Cic. Clu. 24 fin.; so id. Fin. 5, 14, 38, and id. Lael. 23, 86:

nihil (te habere), quod aut hoc aut aliquo rei publicae statu timeas,

in any condition whatever, id. Fam. 6, 2: nec dubitare, quin aut aliquā re publicā sis futurus, qui esse debes;

aut perditā, non afflictiore conditione quam ceteri,

id. ib. 6, 1 fin.:

gesta res exspectatur, quam quidem aut jam esse aliquam aut appropinquare confido,

id. Fam. 12, 10, 2: intelleges te aliquid habere, quod speres;

nihil quod timeas,

id. ib. 6, 2:

Morbus est animi, in magno pretio habere in aliquo habenda vel in nullo,

Sen. Ep. 75, 10:

quin ejus facti si non bonam, at aliquam rationem afferre soleant,

Cic. Verr. 3, 85, 195; so id. Off. 1, 11, 35:

si liberos bonā aut denique aliquā re publicā perdidissent,

id. Fam. 5, 16, 3.—Pregn., some considerable:

aliquod nomenque decusque,

no mean, Verg. A. 2, 89; cf. aliquis, II. C.—

With non, neque, and non.. sed:

si non fecero ei male aliquo pacto,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 23:

si haec non ad aliquos amicos conqueri vellem,

Cic. Verr. 5, 71:

non vidistis aliquam similitudinem,

Vulg. Deut. 4, 15; ib. Luc. 11, 36; ib. Col. 2, 23:

quod tu neque negare posses nec cum defensione aliquā confiteri,

Cic. Verr. 1, 55, 154; 4, 7, 14; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6; Caes. B. C. 1, 85, 5:

neque figuras aliquas facietis vobis,

Vulg. Lev. 19, 28; ib. 2 Par. 22, 9:

sceleri tuo non mentem aliquam tuam, sed fortunam populi Romani obstitisse,

Cic. Cat. 1, 6; so id. Balb. 28, 64; Tac. Or. 6.—

With numerals, as in Gr. tis, and Engl. some, to express an indefinite sum or number:

aliquos viginti dies,

some twenty days, Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 47: quadringentos aliquos milites, Cato, Orig. ap. Gell. 3, 7, 6, and Non. 187, 24:

aliqua quinque folia,

Cato, R. R. 156, quoted in Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 28:

introductis quibusdam septem testibus,

App. Miles. 2:

tres aliqui aut quattuor,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62 (cf. in Gr. es diakosious men tinas autôn apekteinan, Thuc. 3, 111; v. Sturtz, Lex. Xen. s. v. tis, and Shäfer, Appar. ad Demosth. III. p. 269).—

A.. Sometimes with alius, any other (cf. aliquis, II. A.):

quae non habent caput aut aliquam aliam partem,

Varr. L. L. 9, 46, 147:

dum aliud aliquid flagiti conficiat,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

hoc alienum est aut cum aliā aliquā arte est commune,

Cic. de Or. 2, 9:

aliusne est aliquis improbis civibus peculiaris populus,

id. Sest. 58, 125 B. and K.; id. Inv. 1, 11, 15.—

With alius implied (cf. aliquis, II. B.):

dubitas ire in aliquas terras,

some other lands, Cic. Cat. 1, 8:

judicant aut spe aut timore aut aliquā permotione mentis,

id. de Or. 2, 42; id. Tusc. 3, 14, 30; id. Tim. 5:

cum mercaturas facerent aut aliquam ob causam navigarent,

id. Verr. 5, 28, 72; id. Rep. 3, 14, 23.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

nĭhil, or (ante-class. and post-Aug.) contr. nīl, n. indecl.; and nĭhĭlum, or contr. nīlum, i, n. [ne-hilum, not the least; v. hilum].

nĭhil, nothing:

nihil est agriculturā melius, nihil uberius,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 151:

de re publicā nihil loquebantur,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 4.—

Nihil agere, to accomplish nothing:

nil agis,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 134:

nihil agis dolor! quamvis sis molestus, numquam te esse confitebor malum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

nihil ergo agebat Q. Maximus? nihil L. Paulus? ceteri senes nihil agebant?

id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Hor. S. 1, 9, 15; Luc. 7, 809; Vell. 2, 66, 3.—In like manner, nihil per aliquem (sc. agere):

nihil per Senatum, multa et magna per populum et absente populo et invito,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6; Tac. Agr. 19.—

Of persons:

victor, quo nihil erat moderatius,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2:

ita tibi persuadeas, mihi te carius nihil fuisse,

id. ib. 14, 3, 5:

nihil est tam miserabile, quam ex beato miser,

id. Part. 17, 57; Tac. H. 1, 79; Nep. Alcib. 1, 1.—

Nihil, nec.. nec (without destroying the negation):

nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo, nec obscurare dicendo,

Cic. Clu. 1, 1; v. neque.—

Nihil non, everything:

nihil non ad rationem dirigebat,

Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

nihil non arroget armis,

Hor. A. P. 122; Nep. Att. 19, 3.—

Non nihil and haud nihil, something, somewhat:

non nihil, ut in tantis malis, est profectum,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 2:

non nihil me consolatur, cum recordor,

id. ib. 4, 14, 2:

haud nihil,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13:

haud nihil ambigam,

I may be somewhat in doubt, Liv. 1, 3.—

Nihil quidquam or nihil unum, nothing whatever, nothing at all:

nil ego tibi hodie consili quicquam dabo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 113:

sine studio nihil quidquam egregium nemo umquam assequetur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 134:

Rhodiis ut nihil unum insigne, ita omnis generis dona dedit,

Liv. 41, 20, 7:

si nihil aliud,

if there were nothing else, id. 3, 19, 7; 30, 35, 8.—

With gen.:

nihil mali,

Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

nihil novi,

id. Fam. 2, 14, 1:

nihil humanarum rerum,

id. Red. Quir. 5, 1:

nihil est lucri quod me hodie facere mavelim, quam,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 18.—Adjectives also, of the second declension as well as of the third, are not unfrequently joined to nihil in the same case, as nihil honestum, lautum, forte, illustre:

nihil exspectatione vestrā dignum dico,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137.—

Nihil, or mhil aliud, with nisi, quam, praeter, praeterquam, etc., nothing else than, nothing except, nothing but:

tu, quantus quantus, nihil nisi sapientia es,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 40:

amare nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,

Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

si nihil aliud fecerunt, nisi rem detulerunt, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108:

ut nihil aliud, quam de hoste cogitet,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

nihil tibi deest praeter voluntatem,

nothing except, id. Fam. 4, 7, 3:

puto te existimare, me ex his miseriis nihil aliud quaerere, nisi ut homines intellegant, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 16:

qui nihil praeterquam de vitā cogitarent, Auct. B. Alex. 8.—Sometimes, in this connection, elliptically: Herdonius, si nihil aliud, hostem se fatendo prope denuntiavit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 3, 19, 6:

si nihil aliud, vulneribus certe ferrum hostile hebetarent,

id. 30, 35, 8:

illā quidem nocte nihil praeterquam vigilatum est in urbe,

id. 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 83.—Hence, as adv.: nihil aliud quam, only:

nihil aliud quam prendere prohibito,

Liv. 2, 29, 4:

is intromissus in castra nihil aliud quam hoc narrāsse fertur,

id. 2, 32, 8:

nihil aliud quam in populationibus res fuit,

id. 2, 49, 9 al. —

Nihil... quin or quominus, nothing whereby: nihil praetermisi... quin Pompeium a Caesaris conjunctione avocarem, I have omitted nothing that might separate, Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 23:

nihil moror, quominus decemviratu abeam,

Liv. 3, 54:

nihil facere oportet, quominus excedat, etc.,

Cels. 3, 27, 4.—

Nihil est quod, cur, quamobrem, etc., there is no reason why I ( you, etc.) need not:

nihil est jam, quod tu mihi succenseas,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 46:

nihil est, quod adventum nostrum extimescas,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 4:

sed ego nunc nil est, cur me morer,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 102:

nihil est, cur advenientibus te offerre gestias,

Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1:

nihil excogitem, quamobrem Oppianico damnari necesse sit?

id. Clu. 26, 70.—

Nihil est, ut, there is nothing that:

nihil fuit in Catulis, ut eos exquisito judicio putares uti litterarum,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133.—

Nihil est, it is of no use, to no purpose, in vain:

at ego ab hac puerum reposcam, ne mox infitias eat. Nihil est. Nam ipsa haec ultro, ut factum est, fecit omnem rem palam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 76: at nihil est, ignotum ad illum mittere: operam luseris. id. Capt. 2, 2, 94; Hor. S. 2, 3, 6.—In a question:

usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia caelum hausit Aventini?

Juv. 3, 84.—

Nihil ad me (sc. pertinet):

recte an secus, nihil ad nos: aut si ad nos, nihil ad hoc tempus,

Cic. Pis. 28, 68; cf. Ter. And. 1, 2, 16; also, nihil ad, nothing to, nothing in comparison with:

nihil ad Persium,

Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 25; id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar, sed ex eis, quos habuit, electos,

id. Deiot. 8, 24.—

Nihil minus, nothing less so, i. e. by no means, not at all:

cadit ergo in virum bonum mentiri, fallere? nihil minus,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81:

an Gallos existimatis hic versari animo demisso atque humili? nihil vero minus,

id. Font. 11, 23.—

Nihil dum, nothing as yet:

quamquam nihil dum audieramus, nec ubi esses, nec, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 12, 7, 2; id. Att. 7, 12, 4.—

Nihil mihi cum illo est, I have nothing to do with him:

tecum nihil rei nobis Demipho est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74; Ov. F 2, 308.—

Nihil esse, to be nothing or nobody, to have no power, to be of no use, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47; id. Fam. 7, 27, 2; 7, 33, 1; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14:

aliquem nihil putare,

to esteem meanly, Cic. Sest. 53, 114 (B. and K. nihili):

accepimus eum nihil hominis esse,

a worthless fellow, id. Tusc. 3, 32, 77; but de Attio Dionysio nihil puto esse, nothing about him, i. e. no news of him, id. Fam. 12, 30, 5.—

Aut nihil aut paulum, little or nothing (Gr. oligon ê ouden):

aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna,

Cat. 68, 131.—

Adverb.

Not (as a strengthened non), in nothing, in no respect, not at all:

me nihil poenitet,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 63; id. Mil. 4, 2, 16:

conjecturā nihil opus est,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 107; Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

beneficio isto legis nihil utitur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 61:

de fratre nihil ego te accusavi,

id. Fam. 14, 1, 4:

Thebani nihil moti sunt,

Liv. 42, 46; 3, 65; 6, 38; 49; Sall. C. 16, 5:

nihil miror,

Quint. 2, 17, 15; 6, 1, 38.—

To no purpose, in vain:

herele hanc quidem Nihil tu amassis: mihi haec desponsa est,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 16.—

For no reason: quorsum tandem aut cur ista quaeris? M Nihil sane, nisi ne nimis diligenter anquiras, Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4. —

nĭhĭlum, i (contr. form nīlum, Lucr. 1, 159; Hor. S. 1, 5, 67), n., nothing:

erit aliquid, quod aut ex nihilo oriatur, aut in nihilum subito occidat,

Cic. Div. 2, 16, 37:

ut de nihilo quippiam fiat,

id. Fat. 9, 18:

interire in nihilum,

id. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

venire ad nihilum,

id. Fam. 11, 12, 1:

ad nihilum recidere,

id. Phil. 7, 8, 27: quam mihi ista pro nihilol id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

aliquid pro nihilo putare,

id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40.—

Nihili, of no value, worthless:

quem putamus esse non hili, dicimus nihili,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 81 Müll.; cf.: nihili, qui nec hili quidem est. Paul. ex Fest. p. 175 Müll.:

unde is nihili? ubi fuisti?

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 29: nihili est autem suum Qui officium facere immemor est. id. Ps. 4, 7, 2:

homo nihili factus,

unmanned, id. Mil. 5, 16.—Hence, nihili pendere or facere, to esteem as nothing, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 4; id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 14.—

De nihilo, for nothing, without cause or reason, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17:

mali rem exempli esse, de nihilo hospites corripi,

Liv. 34, 61; 30, 29.—

Nihilo, with compp., by nothing, no: nihilo pluris, quam si, etc., no more than if, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 21:

nihilo minus,

id. Men. 5, 5, 49:

Phaedriae esse nilo minus amicum quam Antiphoni,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 7 (but minus nihilo, less than nothing, id. ib. 3, 3, 2):

nihilo benevolentior,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 4:

nihilo major,

id. ib. 6, 3, 4:

nihilo tamen setius,

Caes. B. G. 5, 4 and 7:

nihil segnius,

Liv. 6, 38.—Esp. as adv.: nĭhĭlō mĭnus, or, in one word, nĭhĭlōmĭnus, none the less, no less, nevertheless, notwith standing.

In gen.:

minus dolendum fuit re non perfectā, sed puniendum certe nihilo minus,

Cic. Mil. 7, 19; id. Phil. 5, 9, 26; Quint. 8, 3, 85.—

With si, etsi, quamvis, quamquam, ut, etc.:

in iis rebus, quae nihilo minus, ut ego absim, confici possunt,

Cic. Fam. 10, 2, 2:

nihilo minus eloquentiae studendum est, etsi ea quidam perverse abutuntur,

id. Inv. 1, 4, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17:

alia sunt, quae quamvis nolit accidere, nihilominus laudat,

Sen. Ep. 66, 44:

si nihil fiet, nihilominus, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 39, 2.—

Strengthened by tamen:

nihilominus ego hoc faciam tamen,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17.—

Nihilo aliter, no otherwise:

ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 45.—

Transf., adverb., for non, not, by no means:

nihilum metuenda timere,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 53. —

nīl, nothing, no (rare and mostly poet.;

in Cic. not at all): nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce durum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 31; id. C. 4, 4, 73:

nil sanguinis,

no drop of blood, Ov. M. 13, 266:

nil sui,

nothing proper, id. ib. 3, 435; Vulg. Prov. 10, 2 (in Caes. B. G. 5, 29, the true reading is nihil):

hoc ridere meum, tam nil, nulla tibi vendo Iliade,

such a trifle, Pers. 1, 122.—

Transf. as adv., not at all, by no means:

nil opus est verbis,

Lucr. 5, 263:

ut nil umor abundet,

id. 5, 265; 1, 266:

nil pictis timidus navita puppibus Fidit,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 14.—

nīlum, abl. nīlo, nothing (Lucretian):

ad nilum revorti,

Lucr. 1, 237; so id. 1, 673; 791; 797; 2, 756;

864: nil igitur fieri de nilo posse,

id. 1, 205; 266.

nĭhil, or (ante-class. and post-Aug.) contr. nīl, n. indecl.; and nĭhĭlum, or contr. nīlum, i, n. [ne-hilum, not the least; v. hilum].

nĭhil, nothing:

nihil est agriculturā melius, nihil uberius,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 151:

de re publicā nihil loquebantur,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 4.—

Nihil agere, to accomplish nothing:

nil agis,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 134:

nihil agis dolor! quamvis sis molestus, numquam te esse confitebor malum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

nihil ergo agebat Q. Maximus? nihil L. Paulus? ceteri senes nihil agebant?

id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Hor. S. 1, 9, 15; Luc. 7, 809; Vell. 2, 66, 3.—In like manner, nihil per aliquem (sc. agere):

nihil per Senatum, multa et magna per populum et absente populo et invito,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6; Tac. Agr. 19.—

Of persons:

victor, quo nihil erat moderatius,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2:

ita tibi persuadeas, mihi te carius nihil fuisse,

id. ib. 14, 3, 5:

nihil est tam miserabile, quam ex beato miser,

id. Part. 17, 57; Tac. H. 1, 79; Nep. Alcib. 1, 1.—

Nihil, nec.. nec (without destroying the negation):

nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo, nec obscurare dicendo,

Cic. Clu. 1, 1; v. neque.—

Nihil non, everything:

nihil non ad rationem dirigebat,

Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

nihil non arroget armis,

Hor. A. P. 122; Nep. Att. 19, 3.—

Non nihil and haud nihil, something, somewhat:

non nihil, ut in tantis malis, est profectum,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 2:

non nihil me consolatur, cum recordor,

id. ib. 4, 14, 2:

haud nihil,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13:

haud nihil ambigam,

I may be somewhat in doubt, Liv. 1, 3.—

Nihil quidquam or nihil unum, nothing whatever, nothing at all:

nil ego tibi hodie consili quicquam dabo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 113:

sine studio nihil quidquam egregium nemo umquam assequetur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 134:

Rhodiis ut nihil unum insigne, ita omnis generis dona dedit,

Liv. 41, 20, 7:

si nihil aliud,

if there were nothing else, id. 3, 19, 7; 30, 35, 8.—

With gen.:

nihil mali,

Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

nihil novi,

id. Fam. 2, 14, 1:

nihil humanarum rerum,

id. Red. Quir. 5, 1:

nihil est lucri quod me hodie facere mavelim, quam,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 18.—Adjectives also, of the second declension as well as of the third, are not unfrequently joined to nihil in the same case, as nihil honestum, lautum, forte, illustre:

nihil exspectatione vestrā dignum dico,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137.—

Nihil, or mhil aliud, with nisi, quam, praeter, praeterquam, etc., nothing else than, nothing except, nothing but:

tu, quantus quantus, nihil nisi sapientia es,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 40:

amare nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,

Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

si nihil aliud fecerunt, nisi rem detulerunt, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108:

ut nihil aliud, quam de hoste cogitet,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

nihil tibi deest praeter voluntatem,

nothing except, id. Fam. 4, 7, 3:

puto te existimare, me ex his miseriis nihil aliud quaerere, nisi ut homines intellegant, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 16:

qui nihil praeterquam de vitā cogitarent, Auct. B. Alex. 8.—Sometimes, in this connection, elliptically: Herdonius, si nihil aliud, hostem se fatendo prope denuntiavit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 3, 19, 6:

si nihil aliud, vulneribus certe ferrum hostile hebetarent,

id. 30, 35, 8:

illā quidem nocte nihil praeterquam vigilatum est in urbe,

id. 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 83.—Hence, as adv.: nihil aliud quam, only:

nihil aliud quam prendere prohibito,

Liv. 2, 29, 4:

is intromissus in castra nihil aliud quam hoc narrāsse fertur,

id. 2, 32, 8:

nihil aliud quam in populationibus res fuit,

id. 2, 49, 9 al. —

Nihil... quin or quominus, nothing whereby: nihil praetermisi... quin Pompeium a Caesaris conjunctione avocarem, I have omitted nothing that might separate, Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 23:

nihil moror, quominus decemviratu abeam,

Liv. 3, 54:

nihil facere oportet, quominus excedat, etc.,

Cels. 3, 27, 4.—

Nihil est quod, cur, quamobrem, etc., there is no reason why I ( you, etc.) need not:

nihil est jam, quod tu mihi succenseas,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 46:

nihil est, quod adventum nostrum extimescas,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 4:

sed ego nunc nil est, cur me morer,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 102:

nihil est, cur advenientibus te offerre gestias,

Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1:

nihil excogitem, quamobrem Oppianico damnari necesse sit?

id. Clu. 26, 70.—

Nihil est, ut, there is nothing that:

nihil fuit in Catulis, ut eos exquisito judicio putares uti litterarum,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133.—

Nihil est, it is of no use, to no purpose, in vain:

at ego ab hac puerum reposcam, ne mox infitias eat. Nihil est. Nam ipsa haec ultro, ut factum est, fecit omnem rem palam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 76: at nihil est, ignotum ad illum mittere: operam luseris. id. Capt. 2, 2, 94; Hor. S. 2, 3, 6.—In a question:

usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia caelum hausit Aventini?

Juv. 3, 84.—

Nihil ad me (sc. pertinet):

recte an secus, nihil ad nos: aut si ad nos, nihil ad hoc tempus,

Cic. Pis. 28, 68; cf. Ter. And. 1, 2, 16; also, nihil ad, nothing to, nothing in comparison with:

nihil ad Persium,

Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 25; id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar, sed ex eis, quos habuit, electos,

id. Deiot. 8, 24.—

Nihil minus, nothing less so, i. e. by no means, not at all:

cadit ergo in virum bonum mentiri, fallere? nihil minus,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81:

an Gallos existimatis hic versari animo demisso atque humili? nihil vero minus,

id. Font. 11, 23.—

Nihil dum, nothing as yet:

quamquam nihil dum audieramus, nec ubi esses, nec, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 12, 7, 2; id. Att. 7, 12, 4.—

Nihil mihi cum illo est, I have nothing to do with him:

tecum nihil rei nobis Demipho est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74; Ov. F 2, 308.—

Nihil esse, to be nothing or nobody, to have no power, to be of no use, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47; id. Fam. 7, 27, 2; 7, 33, 1; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14:

aliquem nihil putare,

to esteem meanly, Cic. Sest. 53, 114 (B. and K. nihili):

accepimus eum nihil hominis esse,

a worthless fellow, id. Tusc. 3, 32, 77; but de Attio Dionysio nihil puto esse, nothing about him, i. e. no news of him, id. Fam. 12, 30, 5.—

Aut nihil aut paulum, little or nothing (Gr. oligon ê ouden):

aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna,

Cat. 68, 131.—

Adverb.

Not (as a strengthened non), in nothing, in no respect, not at all:

me nihil poenitet,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 63; id. Mil. 4, 2, 16:

conjecturā nihil opus est,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 107; Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

beneficio isto legis nihil utitur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 61:

de fratre nihil ego te accusavi,

id. Fam. 14, 1, 4:

Thebani nihil moti sunt,

Liv. 42, 46; 3, 65; 6, 38; 49; Sall. C. 16, 5:

nihil miror,

Quint. 2, 17, 15; 6, 1, 38.—

To no purpose, in vain:

herele hanc quidem Nihil tu amassis: mihi haec desponsa est,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 16.—

For no reason: quorsum tandem aut cur ista quaeris? M Nihil sane, nisi ne nimis diligenter anquiras, Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4. —

nĭhĭlum, i (contr. form nīlum, Lucr. 1, 159; Hor. S. 1, 5, 67), n., nothing:

erit aliquid, quod aut ex nihilo oriatur, aut in nihilum subito occidat,

Cic. Div. 2, 16, 37:

ut de nihilo quippiam fiat,

id. Fat. 9, 18:

interire in nihilum,

id. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

venire ad nihilum,

id. Fam. 11, 12, 1:

ad nihilum recidere,

id. Phil. 7, 8, 27: quam mihi ista pro nihilol id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

aliquid pro nihilo putare,

id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40.—

Nihili, of no value, worthless:

quem putamus esse non hili, dicimus nihili,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 81 Müll.; cf.: nihili, qui nec hili quidem est. Paul. ex Fest. p. 175 Müll.:

unde is nihili? ubi fuisti?

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 29: nihili est autem suum Qui officium facere immemor est. id. Ps. 4, 7, 2:

homo nihili factus,

unmanned, id. Mil. 5, 16.—Hence, nihili pendere or facere, to esteem as nothing, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 4; id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 14.—

De nihilo, for nothing, without cause or reason, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17:

mali rem exempli esse, de nihilo hospites corripi,

Liv. 34, 61; 30, 29.—

Nihilo, with compp., by nothing, no: nihilo pluris, quam si, etc., no more than if, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 21:

nihilo minus,

id. Men. 5, 5, 49:

Phaedriae esse nilo minus amicum quam Antiphoni,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 7 (but minus nihilo, less than nothing, id. ib. 3, 3, 2):

nihilo benevolentior,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 4:

nihilo major,

id. ib. 6, 3, 4:

nihilo tamen setius,

Caes. B. G. 5, 4 and 7:

nihil segnius,

Liv. 6, 38.—Esp. as adv.: nĭhĭlō mĭnus, or, in one word, nĭhĭlōmĭnus, none the less, no less, nevertheless, notwith standing.

In gen.:

minus dolendum fuit re non perfectā, sed puniendum certe nihilo minus,

Cic. Mil. 7, 19; id. Phil. 5, 9, 26; Quint. 8, 3, 85.—

With si, etsi, quamvis, quamquam, ut, etc.:

in iis rebus, quae nihilo minus, ut ego absim, confici possunt,

Cic. Fam. 10, 2, 2:

nihilo minus eloquentiae studendum est, etsi ea quidam perverse abutuntur,

id. Inv. 1, 4, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17:

alia sunt, quae quamvis nolit accidere, nihilominus laudat,

Sen. Ep. 66, 44:

si nihil fiet, nihilominus, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 39, 2.—

Strengthened by tamen:

nihilominus ego hoc faciam tamen,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17.—

Nihilo aliter, no otherwise:

ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 45.—

Transf., adverb., for non, not, by no means:

nihilum metuenda timere,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 53. —

nīl, nothing, no (rare and mostly poet.;

in Cic. not at all): nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce durum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 31; id. C. 4, 4, 73:

nil sanguinis,

no drop of blood, Ov. M. 13, 266:

nil sui,

nothing proper, id. ib. 3, 435; Vulg. Prov. 10, 2 (in Caes. B. G. 5, 29, the true reading is nihil):

hoc ridere meum, tam nil, nulla tibi vendo Iliade,

such a trifle, Pers. 1, 122.—

Transf. as adv., not at all, by no means:

nil opus est verbis,

Lucr. 5, 263:

ut nil umor abundet,

id. 5, 265; 1, 266:

nil pictis timidus navita puppibus Fidit,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 14.—

nīlum, abl. nīlo, nothing (Lucretian):

ad nilum revorti,

Lucr. 1, 237; so id. 1, 673; 791; 797; 2, 756;

864: nil igitur fieri de nilo posse,

id. 1, 205; 266.

nōdus, i, m. [for gnodus; Sanscr. root gadh-, gandh-, grasp; cf. Gr. Chandanô, hold; gnathos, jaw; Lat. pre-hend-o; Germ. Knoten; Engl. knot], a knot (cf. nexus).

Lit.:

nodus vinculumque,

Cic. Univ. 4: necte tribus nodis ternos, Amarylli, colores, Verg. E. 8, 77:

Cacum Corripit in nodum complexus,

clasping him as in a knot, id. A. 8, 260:

nodos manu diducere,

Ov. M. 2, 560:

nodus Herculis or Herculaneus,

a knot difficult to untie, of which Hercules was held to be the inventor, Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 63:

unus tibi nodus, sed Herculaneus, restat,

Sen. Ep. 87, 38:

tamquam nodus Gordius difficillimus,

Amm. 14, 11, 1: cingulum (novae nuptae) Herculaneo nodo vinctum vir solvit ominis gratia, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. cingulo, p. 63 Müll.—

Transf.

A girdle ( poet.):

nodoque sinus collecta fluentes,

Verg. A. 1, 320; Mart. 6, 13, 5.—

Hence, astronom.: nodus anni,

the circle of the equator, Lucr. 5, 688.—

A mode of dressing the hair, a knot, club:

Rheni nodos,

the hair of the Germans gathered into a club, Mart. 5, 37, 8; cf.:

insigne gentis obliquare crinem nodoque substringere,

Tac. G. 38.—

Plur.:

nodi,

a knotted fishing-net, Manil. 5, 664.—

A knot, knob, node on a joint of an animal's body:

crura sine nodis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 27:

cervix articulorum nodis jungitur,

Plin. 11, 37, 67, § 177; 11, 37, 88, § 217:

dirae nodus hyaenae,

a backbone, dorsal vertebra, Luc. 6, 672.—

Hence, nodi articulorum,

a swelling, tumor on the joints, Plin. 24, 5, 13, § 21; 30, 12, 36, § 110.—

A knot, knob, fold, etc.

In wood or the branches of plants:

baculum sine nodo aduncum tenens,

Liv. 1, 18, 7; Sen. Ben. 7, 9:

stipes gravidus nodis,

Verg. A. 7, 507:

telum solidum nodis,

id. ib. 11, 553:

gracilitas harundinis, distincta nodis,

Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 158; Col. Arb. 3.—Hence, the knotty club of Hercules, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1661.—

Of a writhing serpent:

nixantem nodis seque in sua membra plicantem,

Verg. A. 5, 279.—

Prov.: nodum in scirpo quaerere, to look for knots in a bulrush (which contains none), i. e. to find difficulties where there are none, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 330 Müll. (Sat. v. 46 Vahl.):

in scirpo nodum quaeris,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 22; Ter. And. 5, 4, 38.—

A knot, hard part of a thing;

so of metals,

Plin. 34, 13, 37, § 136;

of precious stones,

id. 37, 10, 55, § 150.—

A star in the constellation Pisces, Cic. Arat. 14; Caes. Germ. Arat. 243.—

In astron.:

nodi,

the four points in the heavens where the seasons begin, the nodes, Manil. 3, 618; cf. id. 2, 430.—

Trop.

In gen., a band, bond:

his igitur singulis versibus quasi nodi apparent continuationis,

Cic. Or. 66, 222:

velut laxioribus nodis resolvemus,

Quint. 9, 4, 127:

amabilissimum nodum amicitiae tollere,

Cic. Lael. 14, 51.—

In partic.

A bond, obligation ( poet.):

exsolvere animum nodis religionum,

Lucr. 4, 7:

imponere nodos, i. e. jusjurandum,

Ov. H. 20, 39 Ruhnk.—

A knotty point, difficulty, impediment.— Absol.:

dum hic nodus expediatur non putet senatus nos oportere decedere,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 3: incideramus in difficilem nodum, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 1.—With gen.:

Abantem interimit, pugnae nodumque moramque,

Verg. A. 10, 428:

cum scopulus et nodus et mora publicae securitatis superesset Antonius,

Flor. 4, 9, 1:

qui juris nodos et legum aenigmata solvat (an allusion to the Gordian knot),

Juv. 8, 50 (hence, Cicuta nodosus; v. nodosus).— Esp.: nodus linguae, the bond or tie of the tongue:

nodum linguae rumpere,

Gell. 5, 9, 2:

nodos linguae solvere,

Just. 13, 7, 6.

ūnus (old forms OINOS and OENOS; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9; C. I. L. 1, 32, 35), a, um (scanned gen. sing. unĭus, Lucr. 2, 379; Verg. A. 1, 41; Hor. S. 1, 6, 13 al.:

unīus,

Verg. A. 1, 251; Ov. M. 13, 181 al.; ante-class. collat. form of the gen. sing. uni, Titin. ap. Prisc. pp. 694 and 717 P.; dat. m. uno, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 6; dat. f. unae, Cato, R. R. 19, 1; acc. OINO, C. I. L. l. l.; voc. une, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 673 P.; Cat. 37, 17; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 63 Müll.; Aug. Conf. 1, 7), num. adj. [cf. Gr. oinê, oios; Goth. ains; Germ. eins; Engl. one].

Prop.

In gen., one, a single.